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. 2024 May 8;14:10607. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-60980-0

Table 2.

Facial, postural, and gestural expressions with representative images, related emotions, and citations to papers that had previously identified the expression with guilt or a related emotion.

Expression Example image Emotions Reference
AU 4 Brow Lowerer graphic file with name 41598_2024_60980_Figa_HTML.gif Anger, Anxiety Sadness, Disgust, Confusion, Frustration, Guilt 26,41
AU 12 Lip Corner Puller graphic file with name 41598_2024_60980_Figb_HTML.gif Happiness, Contempt, Embarrassment 30,41
AU 14 Dimpler graphic file with name 41598_2024_60980_Figc_HTML.gif Contempt, Embarrassment 30,41
AU 15 Lip Corner Depressor graphic file with name 41598_2024_60980_Figd_HTML.gif Sadness, Disgust, Embarrassment 30
AU 20 Lip Stretcher graphic file with name 41598_2024_60980_Fige_HTML.gif Fear, Guilt 26
AU 24 Lip Pressor graphic file with name 41598_2024_60980_Figf_HTML.gif Anger, Anxiety, Embarrassment 30
Head tilt down graphic file with name 41598_2024_60980_Figg_HTML.gif Shame, Embarrassment 30,42
Head turn graphic file with name 41598_2024_60980_Figh_HTML.gif Guilt, Embarrassment 26,30
Nod graphic file with name 41598_2024_60980_Figi_HTML.gif Guilt 26
Slump/collapse upper body graphic file with name 41598_2024_60980_Figj_HTML.gif Shame 27–29
Touch face graphic file with name 41598_2024_60980_Figk_HTML.gif Embarrassment 27
Touch neck graphic file with name 41598_2024_60980_Figl_HTML.gif Guilt 26