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. 2024 May 8;15:3895. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48116-4

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a, b 3D visualization of the L1 layer of PI-stained Ler (a) and global della mutant (b) SAM using confocal microscopy. New cell walls formed in the SAM (but not primordia) in 10 h are shown and colored according to their angle values. Inserts show the SAM at 0 h. The color bars are shown in the bottom-right corners. Arrows in (b) highlight examples of aligned cell files in global della mutant. The experiment was repeated twice with similar results. c–e Comparison of the frequency distribution of division plane orientation of cells in the entire SAM (d), IPR (e), and non-IPR (f) between Ler and global della. P-values are from two-sided Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests. f, g 3D visualization of confocal image stacks of PI-stained SAMs of Col-0 (i) and pCUC2::gai-1-VENUS (j) transgenic plants. New cell walls formed in the SAM (but not primordia) in 10 h are shown as in (a, b). The experiment was repeated twice with similar results. h–j Comparison of the frequency distribution of division plane orientation of cells located in the entire SAM (h), IPR (i), and non-IPR (j) between Col-0 and pCUC2::gai-1-VENUS plants. P-values are from two-sided Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests.