Fig. 4. Selective batch transfer based on phase change materials (PCMs).

a Schematic illustration of phase-change batch transfer. The cyan square array represents micro-components. b Digital photo of a “BUAA” pattern formed by batch transfer of TE legs with a size of 200 × 200 μm². c Optical and SEM images of a high-density array with P-type and N-type TE legs arranged alternately via phase-change batch transfer. The rosin is chosen as the phase change material.