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. 2024 Apr 25;11:1366982. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1366982

Table 2.

Univariate and multivariable Cox analyses for bladder recurrence.

Study variables Univariate Multivariable
HR 95% CI p-Value aHR 95% CI p-Value
IO vs. PO 0.19 0.04–0.86 0.031 0.15 0.03–0.81 0 . 028
Age, years 1.06 0.99–1.15 0.117 1.05 0.95–1.15 0.352
Sex (male vs. female) 1.10 0.35–3.45 0.876
ASA (3 vs. 2) 0.96 0.26–3.55 0.951
Hospital stay, day 0.92 0.66–1.29 0.636
EBL (ml) 1.00 0.99–1.01 0.999
Margins (positive vs. negative) 2.11 0.57–7.80 0.264
Sarcomatoid (yes vs. no) 5.08 1.36–18.93 0.016 10.25 2.14–49.19 0 . 004
Concomitant CIS (yes vs. no) 1.27 0.38–4.21 0.699
pT (vs. T0/Tis/Ta)
 T1/T2 0.57 0.08–4.07 0.579
 T3/T4 1.93 0.41–9.10 0.405
pGrade (high vs. low) 0.90 0.12–6.95 0.917
Multifocal (yes vs. no) 2.61 0.83–8.24 0.101 3.90 0.91–16.77 0.067
LVI (yes vs. no) 2.28 0.50–10.43 0.287
PNI (yes vs. no) 7.68 1.61–36.54 0.010 4.50 0.75–27.07 0.100
Lymph node dissection (yes vs. no) 0.98 0.260–3.60 0.970

MMC, mitomycin-C; IO, intraoperative MMC instillation; PO, postoperative MMC instillation (at least 24 h after surgery); ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; EBL, estimated blood loss; CIS, carcinoma in situ; LVI, lymph vascular invasion; PNI, perineural invasion; NA, no event occurred in a classified subgroup; HR, hazard ratio; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

p-value < 0.05 is shown in bold.

Variables with p-value <0.2 in the univariate analysis were adjusted for in the multivariable analysis.