Table 1.

Role of sEVs in brain metastasis.

Type	Contents	Donor cells	Recipient cells	Function	Ref.
Protein	ITGs	Cancer cells	T cells	establish pre-metastatic microenvironment	(49)
Protein	CEMIP	Cancer cells	brain endothelial and microglial cells	promote brain vascular remodelling and metastasis	(50)
Protein	TRAIL	G26/24 cell line	Astrocyte	induce astrocyte apoptosis in vitro	(56)
Protein	IL-15	BCP-ALL	astrocytes, brain vessel endothelial cells	disrupts the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)	(58)
Protein	S100A16	HBMECs	Cancer cells	supports the survival of SCLC cells in brain	(59)
miRNA	miR-19a	Astrocyte	Cancer cells	enhanced the proliferation of the recipient tumour cells	(60)
miRNA	miR-122	Cancer cells	niche cells	reprogram systemic energy metabolism to facilitate disease progression	(51)
miRNA	miR-503	Cancer cells	Microglia	promote Brain Metastasis	(53)
lncRNA	lnc-MMP2-2	Cancer cells	brain vessel endothelial cells	increases BBB permeability	(66)
lncRNA	lncRNA GS1-600G8.5	Cancer cells	brain vessel endothelial cells	disrupted the BBB	(67)
miRNA	miR-210	Cancer cells	brain vessel endothelial cells	promote brain vascular remodelling and metastasis	(58)
miRNA	miR-105	Cancer cells	brain vessel endothelial cells	disrupted the BBB	(70)
miRNA	miR-181c	Cancer cells	brain vessel endothelial cells	disrupted the BBB	(71)
Protein	IL-6	Cancer cells	Macrophage	promote Brain Metastasis	(55)