Table 3.

Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical predictors of anemia.

Variable	cOR (95% Cl)	p Value	aOR (95% Cl)	p Value
Age category (years)
29–49	1.00 (Ref)	‐	‐	‐
50–67	0.70 (0.332–1.462)	0.339	‐	‐
Marital status
Single	1.00	‐
Married	1.34 (0.206–8.686)	0.76	‐	‐
Widowed	0.67 (0.091–4.919)	0.692	‐	‐
Divorced	0.53 (0.063–4.533)	0.564	‐	‐
Levels of education
Unschooled	2.01 (0.474–8.475)	0.344	‐	‐
Primary	0.91 (0.219–3.781)	0.894	‐	‐
Secondary	0.97 (0.265–3.551)	0.963	‐	‐
Tertiary	1.00	‐	‐	‐
Occupation
Unemployed	0.24 (0.063–0.884)	0.032	0.34 (0.141–0.795)	0.013
Self‐employed	0.17 (0.046–0.621)	0.007	0.20 (0.081–0.504)	0.001
Government	1.00	‐	‐	‐
Duration of T2DM
1–3 years	1.00	‐	‐	‐
4–6 years	2.24 (0.924–5.417)	0.074	2.00 (0.892–4.430)	0.093
7–10 years	1.42 (0.519–3.886)	0.494	1.29 (0.521–3.170)	0.586
11 years and above	3.96 (1.413–11.125)	0.009	2.60 (1.119–6.064)	0.026
Number of eating times
Two times	1.00	‐		‐
Three times	0.75 (0.062–9.075)	0.821	‐	‐
Four times	0.80 (0.071–9.043)	0.857	‐	‐
Eating late at night
Yes	1.29 (0.399–4.187)	0.668	‐	‐
No	1.00	‐	‐	‐
Exercise
No	1.00	‐	‐	‐
Yes	1.49 (0.719–3.097)	0.283	‐	‐
Alcoholic beverages
No	1.00	‐	‐	‐
Yes	0.53 (0.179–1.556)	0.247	‐	‐
Stress at workplace
No	1.00	‐	‐	‐
Yes	2.05 (0.889–4.731)	4.731	‐	‐
Age diagnosed with diabetes
4–6 years	1.00	‐	‐	‐
7–10 years	0.78 (0.207–2.957)	0.718	‐	‐
Family history of diabetes
No	1.00	‐	‐	‐
Yes	0.76 (0.385–1.507)	0.435	‐
Hypertension
No	1.00	‐	‐	‐
Yes	0.60 (0.279–1.266)	0.178	‐	‐

Note: Compared using univariate and multivariate logistic regression; p < 0.05 was considered significant. Bold value indicates the statistically significant p Values.

Abbreviations: aOR: Adjusted odds ratio; cOR, crude odds ratio; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.