Table 5.

Paired and Independent Samples t-Tests

	n	Month prior M (SD)	Week prior M (SD)	Palliative referral M (SD)	No referral M (SD)	t	p
Paired t-tests
Symptoms	326	4.4 (1.6)	4.8 (1.2)			−3.8	<0.001
Medications	310	12.2 (7.2)	11.8 (6.2)			0.88	0.38
Interventions	326	5.5 (1.6)	5.7 (1.3)			−1.99	0.048
Comfort measures	326	3.3 (1.7)	3.6 (1.2)			−3.68	<0.001
Independent t-tests (greater than six days)
Ma symptoms	325			4.8 (1.4)	4.1 (1.7)	3.91	<0.001
M medications	310			12.6 (7.2)	11.8 (7.2)	1.02	0.31
M interventions	325			5.4 (1.4)	5.5 (1.8)	−0.46	0.64
M comfort measures	325			3.8 (1.5)	3.0 (1.8)	4.52	<0.001
Wb symptoms	325			4.6 (1.2)	4.9 (1.2)	−2.08	0.04
W medications	323			10.9 (7.4)	12.4 (5.1)	−1.91	0.06
W interventions	325			5.1 (1.3)	6.1 (1.1)	−6.69	<0.001
W comfort measures	325			3.8 (1.2)	3.5 (1.2)	1.81	0.07
Age at death, days (log)	325			86.6 (136.8)	35.1 (39.9)	4.23	<0.001
Independent t-tests (less than seven days)
W symptoms	148			4.6 (1.4)	4.2 (1.3)	1.30	0.20
W medications	148			10.3 (5.7)	10.3 (4.1)	0.02	0.99
W interventions	148			5.1 (1.6)	5.4 (1.3)	−1.06	0.29
W comfort measures	148			2.5 (1.0)	2.3 (1.1)	0.72	0.48
Age at death	148			3.0 (1.7)	2.7 (2.0)	0.68	0.50

Note: bolded p-values are significant.

^a M = month before death.

^b W = week before death.