Database(s): Ovid MEDLINE(R) ALL 1946 to July 22, 2022 Search strategy: 22 July 2022
#	Searches	Results
1	congenital abnormalities/ or fetal diseases/cn or (fetus/ and ab.fs.)	38314
2	abnormalities, severe teratoid/	1564
3	cardiovascular abnormalities/ or heart defects, congenital/ or aortic coarctation/ or truncus arteriosus/ or crisscross heart/ or ebstein anomaly/ or heart septal defects/ or aortopulmonary septal defect/ or truncus arteriosus, persistent/ or endocardial cushion defects/ or heart septal defects, ventricular/ or double outlet right ventricle/ or heterotaxy syndrome/ or situs inversus/ or dextrocardia/ or levocardia/ or hypoplastic left heart syndrome/ or "tetralogy of fallot"/ or "transposition of great vessels"/ or univentricular heart/ or vascular malformations/ or scimitar syndrome/ or vascular ring/ or aortic arch syndromes/ or aortic valve stenosis/ or pulmonary atresia/ or pulmonary valve stenosis/ or tricuspid atresia/ or tricuspid valve insufficiency/ or tricuspid valve stenosis/ or heart/ab or fetal heart/ab or heart septum/ab or endocardial cushions/ab or heart ventricles/ab or exp heart valves/ab or exp aorta/ab or pulmonary veins/ab or exp heart valve diseases/cn	151494
4	nervous system malformations/ or holoprosencephaly/ or neural tube defects/ or anencephaly/ or encephalocele/ or spinal dysraphism/ or meningocele/ or meningomyelocele/ or hydrocephalus/ or central nervous system/ab or neural tube/ab or spine/ab	51920
5	musculoskeletal abnormalities/ or craniofacial abnormalities/ or maxillofacial abnormalities/ or cleft palate/ or limb deformities, congenital/ or ectromelia/ or lower extremity deformities, congenital/ or foot deformities, congenital/ or talipes/ or clubfoot/ or upper extremity deformities, congenital/ or hand deformities, congenital/ or bone diseases, developmental/ or dwarfism/ or achondroplasia/ or thanatophoric dysplasia/ or osteochondrodysplasias/ or exp bone malalignment/ or stomatognathic system abnormalities/ or craniofacial abnormalities/ or maxillofacial abnormalities/ or mouth abnormalities/ or cleft lip/ or cleft palate/ or face/ab or lip/ab [zonder dysostosis]	70785
6	abdominal wall/ab or gastroschisis/ or hernia, umbilical/ or hernia abdominal/	7480
7	digestive system abnormalities/ or esophageal atresia/ or intestinal atresia/ or intestinal obstruction/ or duodenal obstruction/ or intestinal volvulus/ or esophageal fistula/ or tracheoesophageal fistula/	47081
8	respiratory system abnormalities/ or tracheal stenosis/ or "cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung, congenital"/ or hernias, diaphragmatic, congenital/	13024
9	"disorders of sex development"/ or genitalia/ab	9924
10	urogenital abnormalities/ or kidney diseases, cystic/ or multicystic dysplastic kidney/ or polycystic kidney diseases/ or kidney diseases/cn	16760
11	(urinary tract/ab or urethra/ab or ureter/ab or kidney/ab or urinary bladder/ab or (hydronephros* or hydro‐nephros* or pyelectas* or (uret* adj3 (obstruct* or defect*1 or anomal* or malformat* or abnormalit* or deformit* or d#smorph* or aplas* or d#splas* or atres* or atret* or agenes*))).mp.) and (trimester, first/ or trimester, second/ or ((("10" or ten or tenth or "11" or 11th or eleven* or "12" or 12th or twelv* or twelfth or "13" or 13th or thirteen* or "14" or 14th or fourteen* or "15" or 15th or fifteen* or "16" or 16th or sixteen* or "17" or 17th or seventeen* or "18" or 18th or eighteen* or "19" or 19th or nineteen* or "20" or 20th or twentieth or twenty or "21" or 21st or "22" or 22nd or "23" or 23rd or "24" or 24th) adj5 (week* or wk or wks)) or ((early or ((first or 1st) adj2 half) or mid or midterm) adj2 (pregnan* or gestat* or gravidit*)) or ((mid or first or 1st or second or 2nd) adj3 trimester*) or midtrimester or midpregnan* or midgestat*).tw,kf.)	1454
12	hydrops fetalis/	2372
13	(congenit* adj6 (disorder* or diseas* or abnormal* or anomal* or malform* or deform* or defect*1)).tw,kf.	137230
14	birth defect*.tw,kf.	11125
15	((severe or major) adj3 (anomal* or abnormalit* or malformat* or defect*1 or deformit*)).tw,kf.	31136
16	((structural or structure*1 or non‐chromosom* or nonchromosom* or anatom* or morphological* or isolated) adj6 (anomal* or abnormalit* or malform* or deformit* or defect* or distort* or contort* or misshap*)).tw,kf.	70481
17	(f?etal adj3 (anomal* or malform* or defect*1 or deformit*)).tw,kf.	8403
18	f?etal abnormalit*.tw,kf.	2037
19	(f?etus* adj (anomal* or abnormalit* or malform* or defect*1 or deform*)).tw,kf.	105
20	(((sever* or major) adj3 teratoid*) or ((abnormalit* or anomal* or defect*1) adj3 terato*) or monster or monsters or monstrui*).tw,kf.	2487
21	((congen* adj2 (heart or cardiac or valvul*) adj2 (dis* or fail*)) or ((cardiac or intracard* or heart or cardiothor* or cardio‐thor* or cardiovasc* or cardio‐vasc* or (great* adj2 vessel*) or valvul* or valve*1) adj3 (anomal* or deformit* or defect*1 or abnormalit* or malformat* or atres* or atret* or d#splas* or d#smorph* or aplas* or agenes*))).tw,kf.	82783
22	(((major or sever* or critical or f?etal or f?etus* or prenat* or antenat*) adj3 CHD) or ((CHD or MCHD* or CCHD*) and congenital*)).tw,kf.	8440
23	(Fallot* or Ebstein* or coarct* or (CoA and aort*)).tw,kf.	24039
24	((aort* adj1 arch* adj4 (hypoplas* or obstruct* or interrupt* or double or right or isolat*)) or (RAA and aort*) or ((vascular or aort*) adj2 (ring* or sling* or annul*)) or arter* lusor*).tw,kf.	15873
25	((aort* adj4 (anomal* or abnormal* or deformit* or malformat* or defect* or stenos* or stenot* or atres* or atret* or d#splas* or anomal* or d#smorph* or aplas* or agenes*)) or aortosteno*).tw,kf.	33315
26	(double outlet* or DORV).tw,kf.	2100
27	((hypoplas* adj4 (((left or right) adj3 (heart or ventric* or card* or chamber* or cavit*)) or RV* or LV*)) or ventric* hypoplas* or HLHS* or HLV* or HRHS*).tw,kf.	4998
28	(univentric* or monoventric* or ((single or mono or uni or triloculare bia*) adj2 (ventric* or cor))).tw,kf.	7079
29	((outflow tract or OFT or conotrunc* or cono‐trunc*) adj6 (anomal* or abnormalit* or malformat* or defect*1 or deformit*)).tw,kf.	1947
30	((transpos* adj6 (((great or large or main) adj2 (arter* or vessel*)) or congenital* or dextr*)) or TGA or TGAs or TGA's or CCTGA or CCTGAs or CTGA or CTGA's or DTGA or DTGAs or DTGA's).tw,kf.	20979
31	((common arterial or arterios*) adj2 (trunk or truncus)).tw,kf.	1904
32	((tricusp* or tri‐cusp* or TV or right AV or right atrioventr* or ((aort* or pulm*) adj2 valv*)) adj6 (steno* or regurg* or re‐gurg* or insuf* or incompet* or d#sfunct* or impair* or atres* or atret* or d#splas* or anomal* or malformat* or abnormalit* or deformit* or d#smorph* or aplas* or agenes*)).tw,kf.	30631
33	(pulmonar* adj3 (atres* or atret*)).tw,kf.	3513
34	(((septal or septum or septation or ((endocard* or AV or atri*ventr* or atri*‐ventr*) adj2 cushion*)) adj3 defect*) or ((heart or intracard* or intra‐card*) adj2 shunt*) or VSD or (comm* adj3 (sept* or AV or atri*ventr* or atri*‐ventr*) adj3 (canal* or osti*)) or canal defect* or AVSD* or CAVC* or (aort* adj2 window*) or APW or crisscross or criss‐cross).tw,kf.	32388
35	(scimitar* or (anomal* adj4 pulmon* ve?n*4 adj2 (return* or connect*)) or TAPVC* or PAPVC*).tw,kf.	3272
36	(heterotax* or isomerism* or (situs adj2 inver*) or ((lateral* or axis) adj2 defect*) or (malpos* adj2 complex*) or l*vocard* or dextrocard* or ((card* or heart) adj2 (dextrovers* or dextro‐vers* or dextrorotat* or dextro‐rotat* or dextroposit* or dextro‐posit*))).tw,kf.	8482
37	(((atrioventric* or atrio‐ventr* or AV) adj3 defect*) or ((ventric* or atrio* or VA or AV) adj3 discord*)).tw,kf.	3091
38	((vascular or pulmonar* ve?n*) adj3 malformat*).tw,kf.	8947
39	((non‐cardia* or noncardia* or extracard* or extra‐card* or nervous‐system or CNS or brain or cerebell* or cerebra* or neural‐tube* or craniospin* or cranio‐spin* or musc*skelet* or skelet* or spondyloepiphys* or epiphys* or bone or bones or osseous or spine or spinal or limb or limbs or extremit* or foot or feet or hand or hands or radial or radius or tibia* or ulna* or fibula* or orofac* or stomato* or craniofac* or maxill* or facial* or face or midfac* or oral or palat* or mouth* or lip or lips or (digest* adj2 (system or tract*)) or GI or gastrointest* or intestin* or bowel or gut or midgut or duoden* or ileum or ileal or ile*jejun* or jejun* or esophag* or oesophag* or trach* or abdom* or thoraco* or thoracic or thorax or (body adj3 (wall or stalk)) or bodystalk* or bodywall or respirator* or airway* or pulmonar* or lung or lungs or diaphragm* or hemidiaphragm* or sex or sexual or genit* or urogenit* or kidney* or renal or bladder) adj5 (defect*1 or anomal* or malform* or abnormalit* or deform* or d*smorph* or aplas* or d*splas* or atres* or atret* or agenes* or cleft* or misalign* or malalign* or malpos* or malrot* or ((mis or mal or wrong or incorrect or incomplet*) adj2 (rotat* or align* or position*)))).tw,kf.	290498
40	(encephalo*c*l* or cephaloc*el* or meningoencephaloc*el* or notoencephaloc*le or craniac*el* or ((cereb* or mening*) adj2 (hernia* or protru* or bulg*)) or exencephal* or anencephal* or acrani* or aprosencephal* or ((spin* or cranium or crania) adj2 (bifid* or open or cleft*)) or d#srap* or schistor*ach* or rachischis* or crani*‐schis* or crani*schis* or neur*‐schis* or neur*schis* or myeloc*le* or mening*myeloc* or hydrocephal* or hydro‐cephal* or holoprosencephal* or holo‐prosencephal* or arhinencephal*).tw,kf.	47364
41	((developmental adj3 (bone or osseous) adj3 dis*) or ((bone or bones or osseous or limb or limbs) adj3 (reduct* or absent or absenc* or deficien* or missing or shorten* or very small* or lack* or deficit*)) or dwarfism* or achondroplasi* or achondrogenes* or hypochondrogenes* or thanatophor* or osteochondrod*splas* or osteod*splast* or osteod*d*stroph* or chondrod*splas* or chondrod*stroph* or radial ray* or talipes or equinovar* or equino‐var* or clubfoot or club‐foot or clubfeet or club‐feet or micromel* or d*smeli* or ectromel* or phocomel* or tetraphocomel* or amelia or hemimel* or palatolabio*chi* or labio*chi* or cheilo* or palat*chi* or harelip* or hare‐lip* or schi*oprosop*).tw,kf.	36925
42	(gastro*chis* or gastro‐schis* or ((umbil* or abdomin*) adj2 (hernia* or protru* or bulg*)) or omphaloc*el* or laparoc*el* or exomphal*).tw,kf.	10180
43	(((trach*sophag* or oesophag* or esophag*) adj4 fistula*) or ((bowel or intestin* or gastrointest* or GI or mid‐gut or midgut or duoden* or ileum or ileal or ile*jejun* or jejun*) adj3 obstruct*) or double bubble or volvulus).tw,kf.	47049
44	((diaphragm* adj2 (hernia* or protru* or bulg*)) or (cystic adj2 adenomat* adj2 malformat*) or CCAM or CPAM or CAML).tw,kf.	13418
45	((sex* adj2 (development or differentiat*) adj2 (diseas* or disorder* or defect*)) or intersex* or inter‐sex* or ((genital* or sex*) adj3 ambigu*)).tw,kf.	7416
46	(((cystic or polycyst* or multicyst*) adj2 (kidney* or (renal adj2 (diseas* or disorder*)))) or PKD or MCKD or (hyperechogen* adj2 kidney*) or megacystis).tw,kf.	14464
47	(hydrops adj3 f?etalis).tw,kf.	2491
48	or/1‐47 [ congenital defects; fetal (structural) anomalies ]	884328
49	ultrasonography/ or ultrasonography, prenatal/	221772
50	nuchal translucency measurement/	1345
51	echocardiography/	93134
52	prenatal diagnosis/	38345
53	early diagnosis/ or diagnostic tests, routine/ or diagnostic screening programs/	42357
54	(ultraso* or ultra‐so* or sonogra* or echo‐gra* or echogra* or TVUS* or TV‐US*).tw,kf.	450253
55	(((anatom* or screen* or routin* or two‐step* or 2‐step* or two‐stage* or 2‐stag* or two‐phase* or 2‐phase* or obstetric or obstetrical or transvagin* or trans‐vagin* or transabdom* or trans‐abdom* or prenat* or pre‐nat* or antenat* or ante‐nat* or f?etal or f?etus* or twodimension* or two‐dimension* or 2‐dimension* or 2d) adj2 (US or USS)) or 2dUS or 2dUSS).tw,kf.	3421
56	(standard* adj (US or USS)).tw,kf.	316
57	(echo not ((spin or gradient or T2 or T2W) adj3 echo)).tw,kf.	32882
58	(scan or scans or scanning or scanned).tw,kf.	567176
59	((transabdom* or trans‐abdom* or transvag* or trans‐vag* or anatom* or anomal*) adj3 imag*).tw,kf.	9956
60	(nuchal adj3 translucen*).tw,kf.	2404
61	(echocard* or echo‐card* or ((cardiac or cardiovascul* or heart) adj3 (view or views))).tw,kf.	165059
62	((((("4" or "four") adj chamber*) or outflow tract* or (("3" or "three") adj vessel*)) adj6 (view* or plane or planes or asses* or visual* or screen* or survey* or imag* or US or USS)) or 4CV or 4‐CV or 3VV or 3‐VV or 3VTV or 3V‐TV).tw,kf. [4 chamber‐, outflow tract‐ or 3 vessel‐view]	3263
63	((prenat* or pre‐nat* or antenat* or ante‐nat* or f?etal or f?etus*) adj3 (diagnos* or detect* or screen*)).tw,kf.	51955
64	((detect* or screen* or diagnos* or PD) adj3 (rate or rates)).tw,kf.	61639
65	(("over time" or trend) adj6 (diagn* or detect*)).tw,kf.	8021
66	(timing adj6 (detect* or diagnos* or screen*)).tw,kf.	3658
67	(routin* adj3 (screening or imaging or diagnostic test*)).tw,kf.	19754
68	(screening adj3 (national* or nationwide or nation‐wide or state‐wide or statewide)).tw,kf.	6105
69	anomaly screen* program*.tw,kf.	18
70	or/49‐69 [ ultrasonography incl echocardiography & nuchal translucency /scan /prenatal diagnosis ]	1394040
71	48 and 70 [ ultrasound (prenatal detection) of congenital structural defects ]	133353
72	fetus/ or fetal heart/ or fetal diseases/ or exp ultrasonography, prenatal/ or prenatal diagnosis/ or prenatal care/ or pregnancy trimester, first/ or pregnancy trimester, second/ or (f?etal or f?etus* or prenat* or pre‐nat* or antenat* or ante‐nat* or (nuchal adj3 translucen*) or (early adj (pregnan* or gestation* or gravidit*)) or ((first or 1st) adj2 half adj3 (pregnan* or gestat* or gravidit*)) or ((mid or first or 1st or second or 2nd) adj3 trimester*) or midtrimester* or midpregnan* or mid‐pregnan* or midgestat* or mid‐gestat*).tw,kf. or ((pregnancy or pregnant or gestation or gravidit*) and (("10" or 10th or ten or tenth or "11" or 11th or eleven* or "12" or 12th or twelve or twelfth or "13" or 13th or thirteen* or "14" or 14th or fourteen* or "18" or 18th or eighteen* or ((before or prior) adj2 ("20" or 20th or twenty or twentieth or "21" or 21st or twentyfirst or "22" or 22nd or twentysecond or "23" or 23rd or twentythird or "24" or 24th or twentyfourth))) adj5 (week* or wk or wks))).tw,kf. [prenatal filter]	533394
73	71 and 72 [ ultrasound/prenatal detection of congenital structural defects+ prenatal filter ]	36343
74	((exp animals/ or exp animal experimentation/ or models, animal/ or disease models, animal/) not humans/) or (animal model* or mouse model* or sheep model* or ovine model* or large animal* or animal experiment*).ti,kf. or ((sheep or lamb or lambs or ovine or ewe or ewes or sow or sows) not human*).ti. [EXCLUSION ANIMALS]	4934345
75	editorial/ or "systematic review"/ or cochrane.ti,jw. or (editorial or reply or comment).ti. or ((review/ or (review or overview).ti. or case report*.mp,jw.) not (cohort studies/ or prospective studies/ or retrospective studies/ or "cross‐sectional studies"/ or exp clinical trial/ or trial.ti,ot,kf. or (cohort* or retrospectiv* or prospectiv* or crosssection* or cross‐section*).tw,kf.)) [EXCLUSION case reports/reviews/editorials]	5719350
76	74 or 75 [EXCLUSION ANIMALS/REVIEWS/CASE REPORTS]	10435047
77	73 not 76 [ ultrasound/prenatal detection of congenital structural defects + prenatal filter ‐ original human studies ]	20108
78	limit 77 to yr="1997 ‐Current" [ ultrasound/prenatal detection of congenital structural defects + prenatal filter ‐ original human studies > 1997]	14456
79	from 78 keep 1‐6000	6000
80	remove duplicates from 79	5995
81	from 78 keep 6001‐12000	6000
82	remove duplicates from 81	6000
83	from 78 keep 12001‐14456	2456
84	remove duplicates from 83	2456
85	80 or 82 or 84 [ ultrasound/prenatal detection of congenital structural defects + prenatal filter ‐ original human studies > 1997 ‐duplicates removed]	14451