Table 1.

Intervention studies included in review (n = 24).

Author (s), Date, Country	Design	Intervention(s)	Population	Measurement Tools	Outcomes
Ahmed and Masoom (2021) Pakistan	Quasi Experimental	Gratitude meditation program- three workshops x 1 weekly (half-hour) x 3 weeks Pre- and Post-intervention measures of Subjective Wellbeing	College students (2 institutions) N = 160 (80 male, 80 female) Age 15-20 years old (69.73 % of participants were 17 to 18 years old)	· Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form · Positive and Negative Affect Scale · Satisfaction with Life Scale	Effects on dispositional Gratitude: Increase in dispositional gratitude score. Effects on Subjective Well Being: Increase in satisfaction with life positive effect scores and decrease in negative effect scores
Berger et al. (2019) Israel	Randomised controlled trial	Participants exposed to one of five 3-week interventions (including a control group) Pre-and post-measures Intervention group 1: Interpersonal gratitude list, Intervention group 2: non-interpersonal gratitude list, Intervention group 3: interpersonal gratitude letter Intervention group 4: interpersonal gratitude list combined with interpersonal gratitude letter Control intervention group: writing daily about one event evoking positive emotion and another negative emotion	General population: respondents to a Facebook post (n = 138) behavioural science students (n = 72) (Total N= 210), (59 male) Aged 21–36 (M 26.69; SD 3.57), 142 participants completed the study Intervention group 1 n = 40 Intervention group 2 n = 45 Intervention group 3 n = 39 Intervention group 4 n = 45 Control intervention n = 41	· Gratitude Simple Appreciation subscale · Gratitude Social Appreciation subscale · General trait gratitude · Patient Health Questionnaire-9 · Positive and Negative Affect Scale Negative subscale. Positive and Negative Affect Scale Positive subscale · Satisfaction With Life Scale	Interpersonal gratitude interventions led to an increase in interpersonal trait gratitude but not non-interpersonal trait gratitude. Non-interpersonal intervention led to both increase in trait interpersonal gratitude and trait non-interpersonal gratitude

Author (s), Date, Country	Design	Intervention(s)	Population	Measurement Tools	Outcomes
Cheng et al. (2015) Hong Kong	Double-blind randomised controlled trial	Participants in the gratitude and hassle group wrote work-related gratitude and hassle diaries respectively twice a week for 4 consecutive weeks. A no-diary group served as control.	Health care practitioners (Physicians, nurses, and physical/occupational therapists), N= 102, assigned into 3 conditions: gratitude, hassle, and nil-treatment.	· Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, Chinese version · Perceived Stress Scale Chinese version.	Gratitude group showed decline in stress and depressive symptoms over time, but the rate of decline became less pronounced as time progressed. Hassle and control were indistinct from each other.
Deng et al. (2019) China	Randomised Control Trial	Two experimental groups and one control completed the measures over 5 weeks Experimental group 1: Blessings counting intervention (Daily x 5 weeks) three things or events, grateful for and why Experimental Group 2: Gratitude- sharing intervention (Weekly x 5 weeks)-shared grateful experiences and feelings with counsellor adaptive guidance Control group: Read a short essay concerning technology and summarise it every night	Male prisoners (violent criminals) N= 96 Age range 21–53 years old	· The Gratitude, Resentment and Appreciation Test · Chinese version of the Aggression Questionnaire · The Satisfaction with Life Scale to measure cognitive judgment aspect Subjective Wellbeing · The Scale of Positive and Negative Experience to measure affective component of subjective wellbeing	Across all three outcomes, the two interventions had similar effects and could not be significantly distinguished from each other. Effects of interventions on: Gratitude: had significantly higher scores than the controls, (p = 0.001 & p = 0.001, respectively) Aggression: participants in the gratitude sharing and Blessing-counting groups had lower levels of aggression than the control (p = 0.022 & p = 0.024, respectively Subjective Well Being: participants in the gratitude-sharing and Blessing-counting groups had higher levels of SWB than the control (p = 0.005 & p = 0.003, respectively)

Author (s), Date, Country	Design	Intervention(s)	Population	Measurement Tools	Outcomes
(Ducasse et al., 2019) France	Randomised controlled trial	Intervention- Gratitude journaling 7 days Control group – food diary 7 days	Psychiatric emergency and acute care inpatients (aged between 18 and 65) who were hospitalised for current suicidal ideation or suicide attempt	At baseline only: · Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview · Beck hopelessness scale · Life orientation Test-Revised · Gratitude scale 6-item Questionnaire Between Pretherapy and Posttherapy · Current psychological pain · Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale · Scale for Suicidal Ideation · Current hopelessness and optimism using numerical rating scales 0-10 · Beck Depression Inventory & State Anxiety Inventory-state questionnaire	As an add on intervention, positive impact on depression and anxiety levels (not suicidal ideation). Intervention using gratitude journal was well-received. Intervention was considered straightforward and more useful than a food diary
Gabana et al. (2019) United States of America	Pre- post- intervention	Introduction of a 90 min gratitude workshop Survey in week prior to (Time 1), immediately after (Time 2), and 4 weeks post-intervention.	University students: sample 27 male wrestlers and 24 female swimmers	· Gratitude Adjective Checklist · Behavioural Symptom Inventory-18 · Satisfaction with Life Scale · Athlete Burnout Questionnaire · Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire	Post intervention, gratitude significantly increased, distress and burnout significantly decreased and social support increased.

Author (s), Date, Country	Design	Intervention(s)	Population	Measurement Tools	Outcomes
Jackowska et al. (2016) United Kingdom	Single Blind Randomised Controlled Trial	1 intervention and 2 control groups, an active control- everyday events condition, a no treatment control condition) Diary – writing task X 2 weeks (1 week pre- measure questionnaire and physiological assessment and 1 week post measure questionnaires and physiological assessments). Two email prompts through each intervention week Intervention group: express gratitude towards previously unappreciated people/things, for three people/things per day Active Control group: everyday events groups, write about three events/things noticed that day Control no treatment group: No events group- go about their daily lives and advised they would receive task in 3 weeks	Women (N= 119) either working or studying at a London University gratitude intervention group n = 40 M age in intervention group 26 (range 24.5–27.5)	· Background demographic questionnaire · Satisfaction with Life Scale evaluative wellbeing · Positive Emotional Style scale - stress and infectious illness (completed every evening in the pre and post intervention weeks) · Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - emotional distress. · Flourishing Scale - Eudemonic wellbeing · Life Orientation Test - optimism · The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - global sleep disturbance and daily sleep quality ratings (ranging from 0 = ‘Very good’, to 3 =‘Very bad’) over 1 week at baseline and 1 week postintervention · Biological measures: Salivary Cortisol and ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate	Intervention effects on Subjective Well Being: · Increased positive emotional style was highest in the gratitude and everyday events compared to no treatment group · Reduction in distress was greater in the gratitude group compared to everyday events and no treatment groups · Changes in flourishing did not differ between conditions, but the increase in optimism was greater in the gratitude intervention group Intervention effects on sleep and biological measures · Daily sleep quality was slightly but significantly improved to a greater extent in the gratitude group than in the no treatment group · Greater decrease in ambulatory diastolic blood pressure was recorded in the gratitude than no treatment condition after adjustment for age, Body Mass Index and baseline diastolic blood pressure value

Author (s), Date, Country	Design	Intervention(s)	Population	Measurement Tools	Outcomes
Kerr O'Donovan and Pepping (2015) Australia	Randomised controlled trial with placebo control group	2-week diary intervention designed to cultivate gratitude (n = 16; 3 male) and kindness (n = 16; 4 male). Mood monitoring of control group (n = 15; 5 male) provided placebo. Daily self-rating of specified tools and scales	Patients seeking treatment: Adults self-reporting depression, anxiety, relational problems, posttraumatic stress, substance use disorders, and eating disorders and seeking individual psychological treatment. Sample: 48 adults (36 females and 12 males) ranging in age from 19 to 67 years (M = 43 years, SD = 11.1),	· Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, calculated Hedonic Wellbeing as % Happy days (positive – negative affect). · Evaluation of Eudaimonic Wellbeing using the Purpose in Life test · General well being assessed using Outcome Questionnaire-45.2 and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale. · Self-rating of Interpersonal Functioning (-3 to +3).	· Gratitude group rated gratitude, life satisfaction more highly compared to placebo. · No significant difference in kindness ratings but that group demonstrated higher optimism. · No effects on eudaimonic wellbeing. All groups, including placebo, had increased general psychological wellbeing. · All groups showed decreased stress but only gratitude and kindness groups showed decreased anxiety and increased interconnections.
Killen and Macaskill (2015) United Kingdom	Pre-post intervention, with follow-up	‘Three good things in life’ gratitude intervention. 2-week intervention, and 30-day follow up Use of gratitude diaries.	General population of non-clinically depressed older adults. N= 88, aged 60+, M age 70.84, 73.86 % female	· The Gratitude Questionnaire · The Flourishing Scale · The Satisfaction with Life Scale · The Scale of Positive and Negative Experience · The Perceived Stress Scale · The Center for Disease Control and Prevention Health Related Quality of Life, ‘‘Healthy Days Measure’’	· Significant increase in eudemonic wellbeing from baseline to day 15 that was maintained at day 45. · Significant increases hedonic wellbeing evident from baseline to day 45. · Decreases in perceived stress from day 1 to day 15 but these were not maintained once the intervention ended.

Author (s), Date, Country	Design	Intervention(s)	Population	Measurement Tools	Outcomes
Kini et al. (2016) United States of America	Randomised controlled trial	Variant of the ‘trust game’ called “Pay it forward” task. 3 groups- Randomisation a) Gratitude writing group b) Therapy as usual group (psychotherapy) – control group c) Expressive writing group (were not neurologically scanned)	Psychotherapy clients seeking clinical counselling (N= 43) (22 in gratitude writing group and 21 in psychotherapy group), 74 % male, evenly distributed for mental health symptoms and for initial gratitude measures, M age 22.9	Constructed a general linear model for functional neuroimaging data for each participant. This allowed the development of four Parametrically Modulated Regressors: 1. Gratitude rating; 2. Guilt rating; 3. Desire to help rating; 4. Percent of the initial endowment given. These parametrically modulated regressors afforded an estimate of how much each self-reported emotion correlated with activity at the time of decision.	· Intervention group showed significant increases in both gratefulness and neural sensitivity to gratitude over the course of weeks to months. · Gratitude correlates with activity in specific set of brain regions.
Martin et al. (2019) United Kingdom	Pre-post study implementation of the “HOPE programme”.	Group, face-to-face intervention of six weekly sessions lasting around 2.5 h. Multi-strategy intervention using strategies such as: · hearing of others’ successful activities · talking about goals · goal setting with reward upon achievement · Individual use of a gratitude diary strategies for managing stress and improving wellbeing, [e.g., managing anger and using breathing techniques]	Parents/caregivers (N= 108) of children with developmental disorder and who attend the “HOPE Programme”, delivered at Coventry Carers Trust.	· Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale · Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale · Gratitude Questionnaire · Adult State Hope Scale · Health Education Impact Questionnaire	Participants who completed the intervention had significantly lower anxiety and depression scores, and higher positive mental wellbeing, gratitude, and hope measures. The change in depression and anxiety scores were clinically significant, indicating potential “recovery” from anxiety for 58 % of participants and from depression for 85 %. Outcome measures showed the intervention was relevant and trustworthy for participants.

Author (s), Date, Country	Design	Intervention(s)	Population	Measurement Tools	Outcomes
Măirean et al. (2019) Romania	Quantitative: Meta analysis of experiments, surveys, and vignettes	State gratitude was induced through a gratitude exercise on a single day	Undergraduate students (N= 135) in first year of study, 75.60 % female. Participants’ age ranges from 20 to 35 (M age = 21.35 years, SD = 2).	· Gratitude Short From- used to measure dispositional gratitude · Psychological Wellbeing Scale · The Positive and Negative Affect Scale	Interventions that aimed to improve psychological well-being, using gratitude, showed effectiveness when about everyday experiences, rather than on other people. State gratitude was not identified as a moderation among trait gratitude, affective state, and psychological well-being. No immediate change or improvement in positive feelings across groups.
O'Connell et al. (2017) Ireland	Double-blind, randomised controlled group study. Pre-post- survey design. Convenience sample plus snowballing.	Reflective interpersonal gratitude journal with two arms and control group. Cohorts included: 1. Reflective-only on instances that they had been grateful for. 2. Reflective-behavioural – as above but also write a letter expressing gratitude. · 3. Control group descriptive of events that had happened.	General population: N= 192 mostly students (70.8 %) of the host university and non-students (28.6 %), with one person not identifying their student status. 67.2 % female 18-84 years (M age =27.1 years; SD 12.6).	· Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form · Satisfaction with Life Scale · The Scale of Positive and Negative Experiences · Center for Epidemiological Studies Short Depression Scale	Significant reduction over time on negative affect scores for both intervention groups. Greatest different in reflective-behavioural group, including reduced depression scores for behavioural group only and increased affect balance over time for this group too. Suggestion of trends reflection-behavioural condition but mostly not significant. Post-hoc (1 month and 3 month) decrease in depression in reflection-behavioural condition only. Expression of gratitude to others is a key factor in improvements in affect.

Author (s), Date, Country	Design	Intervention(s)	Population	Measurement Tools	Outcomes
Ramírez et al. (2014) Spain	Experimental- Intervention and placebo group. Three points of measurement – pre, post and 4 months post intervention	Intervention program based on an intervention specifically focused on forgiveness, gratitude, and life review therapy. Consisted of nine 1.5 h weekly sessions. 1. Introductions, scales and questionnaires undertaken. 2. Positive psychology 3. Gratitude 8. Forgiveness benefits 9. Conclusion and administer scales and questionnaires.	Members of the Senior Citizens’ Day Centre in the town of Martos (Jaen, Spain). N= 46 participants aged 60–93 years	· State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spanish version) · Beck Depression Inventory (Spanish version). · Autobiographical Memory Test. · Mini-Cognitive Exam (Mini-Examen Cognoscitivo). · Life Satisfaction Scale (Spanish version) · Subjective Happiness Scale.·	Participants who followed the program (experimental group) showed a significant decrease in state anxiety and depression as well as an increase in specific memories, life satisfaction and subjective happiness, compared with the placebo group.
Rash et al. (2011), Canada	Pre-test post-test intervention, randomised double blinded allocation to groups	4-week program either in a gratitude contemplation intervention or a memorable events control condition	General population: 56 adults recruited, 47 returned journals and completed the physiological and survey post-test. Unclear numbers in each group	Pre-test measures: · Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form · Positive and Negative Affect Scale · Electrocardiogram recording (physiological measure) during induction to intervention type (gratitude or memorable events) During intervention measures: · Daily Positive and Negative Affect Scale Post intervention measures · Satisfaction with Life Scale · Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale	Participants exposed to the gratitude intervention experienced higher levels of self-esteem and life satisfaction. The effect of the gratitude intervention on satisfaction with life was moderated by trait gratitude.

Author (s), Date, Country	Design	Intervention(s)	Population	Measurement Tools	Outcomes
Otto et al. (2016) United States of America	Randomised, controlled study of fear of recurrence of cancer. Pre-post- survey design. Post-intervention survey for evaluation, plus 1 month & 4 month follow-up.	1. Intervention group – 6-week online gratitude – spent 10 min writing a letter expressing their gratitude to a person of their choice. 2. Control group spent 10 min listing and briefly describing up to 20 activities that they had engaged in during the preceding weeks.	Women with early-stage breast cancer. M age 56.89 years (SD = 10.20). Mainly White (86.6 %) and non-Hispanic (95.5 %). 71.7 % at least a bachelor's degree. Intervention group n = 34, Control n = 33	· Weekly gratitude average scores (researcher developed tool) · Positive and Negative Affect Schedule · Weekly goal pursuit researcher developed scale. · Fear of recurrence evaluated using researcher developed scale, and Concerns About Recurrence Scale	Putting more effort into a given letter was a marginally significant predictor of increased gratitude at the following week's survey. Personal affect remained stable in the cancer group but declined in the control. Fear of recurrence remained relatively flat across the study period in both conditions, but the gratitude group experienced a significantly greater decrease in death worry.
Wolfe and Patterson (2017) United States of America	Experimental – Gratitude intervention (n = 35), vs cognitive restructuring (n = 28) vs control (n = 45)	Daily workbook task: gratitude list, thought records, (self-report adherence).	Undergraduate female students. N= 140 recruited, after attrition n = 108 completed. M age: 20.44 years (SD 6.93). Ethnicity: 60 % Caucasian, 24 % African/American, 6 % Hispanic or Asian.	Body Satisfaction: · Body shape Questionnaire · Body Appreciation Scale · Body Esteem Scale Disordered Eating · Eating attitudes test -26 · Binge eating scale Mood · Positive and Negative Affect Schedule · Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Expectation of intervention: · 1 Expectancy item	Positive outcomes in the gratitude intervention group compared with cognitive restructuring group and control group. Gratitude group identified greater increase in body esteem, sharper decrease in body dissatisfaction, greater decrease in dysfunctional eating. The decrease in depression symptoms decreased more in gratitude group.

Author (s), Date, Country	Design	Intervention(s)	Population	· Measurement Tools	Outcomes
Osborn et al. (2020) Kenya	Randomised controlled trial, two arm. One control group (Study skills session) and intervention group	Shamiri digital- An adapted (from in-person, 4-week application delivered universally to high school students) digital self-help single session intervention-Shamiri has three components -wise interventions (growth mindset; gratitude and value affirmation)	High school students (13-18) N= 103 (70 % were female) and covariates were age in years and sex.	· Depressive symptoms: Patient Health Questionnaire – 8 · Anxiety: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener– · Adolescent wellbeing: shortened version of the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale · Happiness and Optimism subscales of the Engagement, Perseverance, Optimism, Connectedness, and Happiness Tool	Participants in the intervention group experienced larger declines in depressive symptoms from baseline to 2-week (effects greatest in younger adolescents). Significant (improvement) effect for age -younger had improved wellbeing and improved happiness scores from baseline to 2-week follow-up than older adolescents (but no difference in self-reported happiness). Intervention participants who self-reported clinical depressive symptoms at baseline experienced greater reductions in depressive symptoms compared to the control group.
Stegen and Wankier (2018) United States of America	Pre-test, post-test with multiple gratitude interventions	Gratitude interventions offered over a year pre-planned. Included gratitude moments in faculty meetings, book titled “Attitudes of Gratitude” given to staff, private social media site for gratitude expressions for staff was created, gratitude bulletin board set up in staff room.	Nursing faculty in an American university (N = 51). Women made up 92 % of the group, and experience in teaching ranged 1 year–28 years, median 10 years.	· Adapted from grateful organisations questionnaire from the Greater Good website	Gratitude interventions improved job satisfaction, and positively impacted teamwork and collaboration amongst faculty

Author (s), Date, Country	Design	Intervention(s)	Population	Measurement Tools	Outcomes
Chan (2010) Hong Kong	Pre-test, post-test after 8-week intervention	Eight week-long self-improvement projects to improve self-awareness through self-reflection. Used a ‘count your blessings’ approach with self-reflection. Participants kept weekly log of three good things that happened, then reflect using Naikan-meditation like questions.	Chinese schoolteachers enrolled in a graduate education program at a Chinese University. Women made up 79 % of the population. Ages between 23 and 51, with 1-31 years’ experience in teaching.	· Gratitude Questionnaire · Maslach Burnout Inventory · Orientations to Happiness Scale · Satisfaction with Life Scale · Positive and Negative Affect Schedule · Gratitude Adjectives Checklist	Those with high dispositional gratitude felt life was more meaningful, were happier with their personal accomplishments, and had lower scores for the two components of burnout: emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation. The intervention increased satisfaction with life scores and positive affect, particularly for those teachers with low-gratitude disposition at baseline.
Salces-Cubero et al. (2019) Spain	Quasi-experimental, Blinded Pre-post-intervention, with 1 month follow-up	3 intervention and 1 control groups. Intervention groups: 1. Gratitude (n = 36) 2. Optimism (n = 28) 3. Savouring (n = 28) Approximately 4×70 min intervention sessions in each group. Each group led by educator with entertaining approaches to covering content of ‘How to’ Control group (n = 32) had no intervention. Evaluation: pre-week, 1 week after intervention, 1month after intervention.	Older adults who attend day centres. Total sample = 124. Age 69-89 years	· Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale · Satisfaction With Life Scale · Cognitive Mini-Test (Mini-Examen Cognoscitivo) · Subjective Happiness Scale · Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Resilience Scale	Gratitude group: No differences were found between the pre- and post- depression. No significant differences were found in the Control group. Significant increase in life satisfaction, including at follow-up. Increased happiness more so at follow-up. Increased resilience but not sustained at follow-up.

Author (s), Date, Country	Design	Intervention(s)	Population	Measurement Tools	Outcomes
Taylor et al. (2017) United States of America	Pilot study, intervention, and control group. Pre-, post-treatment outcomes plus follow-up at +3 and +6 months	Intervention group: 10×1 h sessions of therapist-delivered treatment (Positive Activity Intervention) exercises including gratitude: counting one's blessings; Gratitude: gratitude letter Control: completed pre and post assessments only, were on a waitlist for treatment during intervention time. Were offered treatment after study.	Patients in active treatment: Adults 18-55 years with anxiety or depression Age 29.8+/-12.2 years Gender 50 % female 75 % Caucasian n = 29 recruited from clinical referrals.	Positive and negative emotions: · Positive and Negative Affect Schedule · Modified Differential Emotions Scale Psychological wellbeing: · Quality of Life, Enjoyment, and satisfaction Questionnaire –Short Form · Satisfaction with Life Scale Anxiety symptoms: · Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale · State Trait Anxiety Inventory Depressive symptoms: · Patient Health Questionnaire-9 · Becks Depression Inventory Credibility of intervention: · Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire	Significant improvement to all outcome measures in the Positive Activity Intervention group, including at follow-up, 3- and 6-months points

Author (s), Date, Country	Design	Intervention(s)	Population	· Measurement Tools	Outcomes
Krejtz et al. (2016) Poland	Longitudinal experimental design	Gratitude intervention each day was for participants to write down up to six things they were grateful for that day. 2-week daily measures collection via online tools at end of each day. Random allocation to intervention and control group.	Adult community members of one area of Warsaw, native to Poland. 58 commenced, and 57 continued providing 781 days of valid data. Groups [intervention (n = 29, 65.5 % female, M age = 27.1, SD = 5.76) and control (n = 29, 58.62 % female, M age = 28.81, SD = 5.82)] did not significantly differ in age and gender proportion. 54 % of participants were members of an unmarried couple, 11 % were married, and 35 % were single. Participants were paid approximately $50 United States Dollars.	· Self-designed and previously reported daily measures of wellbeing and adjustment · Gratitude Questionnaire · Daily affect measured using a circumflex model · Self-esteem measures · Daily depressogenic adjustment measures · Daily worry measures, Complaining measure (self-designed)	• Intervention group had a reduced response to stressful events •Gratitude did not moderate relationship between daily stress and self-esteem or negative deactive-mood • intervention group reported greater positive active affect (e.g., happy). • when people felt more grateful, their wellbeing was higher •No causal link between gratitude and wellbeing. Was support for a causal link between wellbeing and gratitude •wellbeing was negatively related to stress.

Author (s), Date, Country	Design	Intervention(s)	Population	· Measurement Tools	Outcomes
Yang et al. (2018) China	Pre-post-intervention, with control group	Kindness intervention: Participants asked to: · perform three acts of kindness every day and diarise · attended weekly group seminars, discuss kindness‐relevant topics. Gratitude intervention: Participants asked to: · everyday recall three events they were grateful and diarise · attend weekly group seminars, discussed gratitude‐related topics. Control participants: attended weekly group seminars, discuss topics of routine correctional education, not related to either kindness or gratitude.	Prisoners in one Chinese prison, N= 144 Kindness intervention group n = 48 Gratitude intervention group n = 48 Control group n = 48.	· Affect Balance Scale · Satisfaction with Life Scale · Index of Well‐Being · Subjective vitality scale	Gratitude intervention: decreased negative affect, increased positive affect, increased life satisfaction score, Increased wellbeing index and had no significant effect on vitality index.

Notes: n = number, M = Mean, SD = Standard Deviation, p = Probability Value