Table 3.
Summary of tools used to measure impact of gratitude interventions.
| Tools/measures related to | Tool/measure | Studies |
|---|---|---|
| Gratitude | Gratitude Questionnaire-6 Item Form (or translated version) |
Ahmed and Masoom (2021) Chan (2010) Ducasse et al. (2019) Killen and Macaskill (2015) Krejtz et al. (2016) Leppma et al. (2018) Lin (2015) Martin et al. (2019) McCanlies et al. (2014), O'Connell et al. (2017), Petrocchi and Couyoumdjian (2016), Rash et al. (2011), Sirois and Wood (2017), Vieselmeyer et al. (2017) |
| Gratitude Adjective Checklist |
Gabana et al. (2019) Chan (2010) |
|
| Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test, Simple Appreciation subscale | Berger et al. (2019) | |
| Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test, Social Appreciation subscale | Berger et al. (2019) | |
| General trait gratitude | Berger et al. (2019) | |
| The Gratitude, Resentment and Appreciation Test |
Deng et al. (2019) Jans-Beken et al. (2018) |
|
| Tools adapted from Grateful Organisations Questionnaire (the Greater Good website Berkely university) | Stegen and Wankier (2018) | |
| Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test (Short Form used to measure dispositional gratitude) | Măirean et al. (2019) | |
| Self-developed gratitude scores/checklists |
Otto et al. (2016) Starkey et al. (2019) |
|
| Emotional state | Positive and Negative Affect Scale (or translated version) |
Ahmed and Masoom (2021) Berger et al. (2019) Jans-Becken et al. (2020) Kerr et al. (2015) Măirean et al. (2019) Otto et al. (2016) Salces-Cubero et al. (2019) Rash et al. (2011) Chan (2010) Taylor et al. (2017) Wolfe and Patterson (2017) |
| The Scale of Positive and Negative Experience |
Deng et al. (2019) Killen and Macaskill (2015) O'Connell et al. (2017) |
|
| Life orientation Test (or revised version of this test) |
Ducasse et al. (2019) Jackowska et al. (2016) Starkey et al. (2019) |
|
| Subjective Happiness Scale |
Ramírez et al. (2014) Salces-Cubero et al. (2019) |
|
| Positive Emotional Style scale | Jackowska et al. (2016) | |
| Daily affect measured using a circumflex model | Krejtz et al. (2016) | |
| Adult State Hope Scale | Martin et al. (2019) | |
| Engagement, Perseverance, Optimism, Connectedness, and Happiness | Osborn et al. (2020) | |
| Affect Balance Scale | Yang et al. (2018) | |
| Modified Differential Emotions Scale | Taylor et al. (2017) | |
| Inventory of positive emotions | Lin (2015) | |
| Inventory of negative emotions | Lin (2015) | |
| Orientations to Happiness Scale | Chan (2010) | |
| Depression or anxiety | Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale |
Cheng et al. (2015) Lau (2017) O'Connell et al. (2017) Petrocchi and Couyoumdjian (2016) Sirois and Wood (2017) Wolfe and Patterson (2017) |
| Beck Depression Inventory |
Ducasse et al. (2019) Ramírez et al. (2014) Taylor et al. (2017) |
|
| State and Trait Anxiety Inventory |
Petrocchi and Couyoumdjian (2016) Ramírez et al. (2014) Taylor et al. (2017) |
|
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale |
Jackowska et al. (2016) Martin et al. (2019) |
|
| State Anxiety Inventory-state questionnaire | Ducasse et al. (2019) | |
| Beck hopelessness scale | Ducasse et al. (2019) | |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener–7 | Osborn et al. (2020) | |
| Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale | Kerr et al. (2015) | |
| Daily depressogenic adjustment measures | Krejtz et al. (2016) | |
| Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale | Salces-Cubero et al. (2019) | |
| Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale | Taylor et al. (2017) | |
| Psychological state | Mini-Cognitive Exam |
Ramírez et al. (2014) Salces-Cubero et al. (2019) |
| Behavioral Symptom Inventory-1 | Gabana et al. (2019) | |
| Psychological Wellbeing Scale (or translated version) |
Măirean et al. (2019) Kim et al. (2019) |
|
| Symptom Check List 90 | Jans-Beken et al. (2018) | |
| Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview | Ducasse et al. (2019) | |
| Quality of Life, Enjoyment, and satisfaction Questionnaire –Short Form | Taylor et al. (2017) | |
| Life Satisfaction | Satisfaction with Life Scale |
Ahmed and Masoom (2021) Berger et al. (2019) Chan (2010) Deng et al. (2019) Gabana et al. (2019) Jackowska et al. (2016) Jans-Beken et al. (2018) Killen and Macaskill (2015) Leppma et al. (2018) Lin (2015) McCanlies et al. (2014) O'Connell et al. (2017) Rash et al. (2011) Salces-Cubero et al. (2019) Taylor et al. (2017) Yang et al. (2018) |
| Job Satisfaction Scale | Kim et al. (2019) | |
| Life Satisfaction Scale | Ramírez et al. (2014) | |
| Resilience, burnout, or coping | Connor-Davidson resilience scale |
McCanlies et al. (2014) Vieselmeyer et al. (2017) |
| Resilience Scale | Salces-Cubero et al. (2019) | |
| Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced | Lau (2017) | |
| Maslach Burnout Inventory | Chan (2010) | |
| Forms of Self-Criticizing /attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale | Petrocchi and Couyoumdjian (2016) | |
| Inventory of Coping Style | Lin (2015) | |
| Stress | Perceived Stress Scale | Cheng et al. (2015), Killen and Macaskill (2015), Sirois and Wood (2017) |
| Daily worry measures | Krejtz et al. (2016) | |
| Recent Stressful Life Changes Questionnaire | Leppma et al. (2018) | |
| Other health or wellbeing | Patient Health Questionnaire | Berger et al. (2019), Osborn et al. (2020), Taylor et al. (2017) |
| Flourishing Scale | Jackowska et al., 2016, Killen and Macaskill (2015) | |
| The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | Jackowska et al. (2016), Starkey et al. (2019) | |
| Evaluation of Eudaimonic Wellbeing using the Purpose in Life test | Kerr et al. (2015) | |
| General well being assessed using Outcome Questionnaire-45.2 | Kerr et al. (2015) | |
| The Center for Disease Control and Prevention Health Related Quality of Life | Killen and Macaskill (2015) | |
| Professional Quality of Life | Kim et al. (2019) | |
| Health Related Quality of Life -14 ‘‘Healthy Days Measure” | Killen and Macaskill (2015) | |
| Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale | Rash et al. (2011) | |
| Self-esteem measures | Krejtz et al. (2016) | |
| Self-designed and previously reported daily measures of wellbeing and adjustment | Krejtz et al. (2016) | |
| Psychological thriving scale (based on Carver's 1998 model of psychological thriving) | Sirois and Wood (2017) | |
| Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale | Martin et al. (2019) | |
| Adolescent wellbeing; Shortened version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale | Osborn et al. (2020) | |
| Health Event Checklist | Starkey et al. (2019) | |
| Medical Outcomes Survey 36 item short form | Sirois and Wood (2017) | |
| Index of Well‐Being | Yang et al. (2018) | |
| Subjective vitality scale | Yang et al. (2018) |