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. 2023 Dec 22;15(12):mjad072. doi: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad072

Figure 4.

Figure 4

The functions of JunB nuclear localization and condensation in EC proliferation and apoptosis induced by high glucose. (A–M) HUVECs were treated as indicated. (A and B) The colony forming ability of cells. Representative colony formation photos (A) and the ratio of cell number relative to the Control group (B) (n = 5). (C and D) The ODof cells was determined by the CCK8 assay. (E and F) Cell proliferation was determined by the EdU assay. Scale bar, 75 μm. (G and H, K and L) Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry with Annexin V (abscis) and PI (ordinate) staining. Apoptotic cell percentage was the sum of Q2 and Q4 percentages. (I and J) Cell apoptosis was determined by the TUNEL assay. Scale bar, 250 μm. (M) mRNA levels of Cdc25B, Skp1, Ywhab, Mad2L1, Gadd45a, Gadd45b, and BBC3 were determined by RT‒qPCR. (N) An illustration depicting how JunB was identified and that high glucose can affect the proliferation and apoptosis of ECs by affecting the protein level and phase separation of JunB, thus leading to endothelial damage. Error bars represent mean ± SEM, n = 3 independent experiments if not stated. Significance was determined using two-tailed t-test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.