Table 3.

Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by oxidative balance score’s tertile.

	T1(<16)	T2 (16–23)	p value	T3 (≥23)	p value
CKD/Non-CKD	413/2144	394/2196		390/2597
Model 1	1 (Ref)	0.79 (0.66 ~ 94)	0.009	0.65 (0.55 ~ 0.78)	<0.001
Model 2	1 (Ref)	0.78 (0.65 ~ 0.93)	0.007	0.63 (0.52 ~ 0.76)	<0.001
Model 3	1 (Ref)	0.71 (0.59 ~ 0.86)	0.001	0.52 (0.42 ~ 0.66)	<0.001
Model 4	1 (Ref)	0.72 (0.59 ~ 0.87)	0.001	0.54 (0.66 ~ 0.82)	<0.001

Model 1: adjusted for age and gender.

Model 2: adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, and income-to-poverty ratio.

Model 3: adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, income-to-poverty ratio, caffeine intake, and energy intake.

Model 4: adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, income-to-poverty ratio, caffeine intake, energy intake, diabetes mellitus history, and hypertension history.