Table 1.

Summary of therapeutic Compound/ Drugs for AMD.

Category	Compound/Drug	Targets	Experimental object	Reference
Anti-inflammatory	Methotrexate	the transmethylation products spermine, spermidine	Human	[117]
	Rapamycin	COX2	Human	[118]
	Infliximab	TNF-α	Human	[192]
	Tetracyclines	inhibit caspase activation	Human	[181]
	Minocycline	CCL2,IL-6, iNOS	BV-2 microglia cell	[121]
	Cortisone fluoride (FA), Triamcinolone acetonide (TA)	CCL2, IL-6, IL-8	Mouse, 661w cells, ARPE-19 cells	[122, 193]
	Epigallocatechin-3-gallate	HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR2	mouse	[127]
	Theissenolactone B (LB53)	NF-κB, ROS	ARPE-19 cells, mouse BV-2 cells, mouse	[60]
	Resveratrol (3,4',5 trihydroxy-trans-stilbene)	IL-6, IL-8	RPE cells	[129]
	Curcumin	reduces free radicals	ARPE-19 cell	[132]
Complement system	POT-4	C3	Human	[141]
	APL-2	C3	Human	[143]
	Efdamrofusp alfa	C3b, C4b	Human	[145]
	recombinant FH (recFH)	C3	mouse	[148]
Antiapoptotic	Centella asiatica extract (CA-HE50)	Nrf2/HO-1	ARPE-19 cells, mouse	[149]
	Delphinitin	Bax, caspase-3	ARPE-19 cells	[151]
	Shihu Yeguang Pill (SYP)	c-fos, c-jun, Bcl-2, TNF-α	Human, mouse	[153]
	Cordyceps militaris (CMCT)	NADPH oxidase-1 (NOX1), ROS	ARPE-19 cells	[155]
	Alpha-mangostin (α-mangostin, α-MG)	Bax, caspase-3, PI3K/AKT-PGC-1α/STRT-3	ARPE-19 cells	[158]
Anti-VEGF	Ranibizumab, Bevacizumab	All VEGF-A subtypes	Human	[169,173,194]
	Faricimab	VEGF-A, Ang-2	Human	[184,185]
	Pegaptanib	VEGF165	Human	[118]
	Aflibercept	VEGF-A, VEGF-B, PLGF	Human	[178]
	Brolucizumab	VEGF-A	Human	[188]