Appendix 2.
The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scores of included studies adopting a randomized controlled design or a non-randomized control design.
| Item | Cezar 2021 [47] | Delbaere 2012 [12] | Kato-Narita 2009 [35] | Lin 2022 [56] | Liu-Ambrose 2008 [51] | Makizako 2013 [48] | Naharci 2021 [57] | Pieruccini-Faria 2019 [53] | Puente-Gonzalez 2021 [46] | Roitto 2018 [38] | Suttanon 2013 [65] | Suttanon 2012 [42] | Tchalla 2013 [43] | Tsujimoto 2022 [44] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Eligibility criteria* | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2. Random allocation | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 3. Allocation concealment | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4. Baseline comparability | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 5. Blind participants | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6. Blind therapists | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 7. Blind assessors | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 8. Adequate follow-up | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 9. Intention-to-treat | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 10. Between group comparisons | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 11. Point measures, measures of variability | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Total PEDro score | 8 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2 |
1: yes, 0: no.
*
Not used to calculate the total PEDro score. Mean ± standard deviation score: 4.0 ± 1.8.