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. 2024 May 9;19(5):e0294480. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294480

Table 2. Vaccine hesitancy (%) by HBM among 600 samples.

Variables Strongly Disagree/Disagree No opinion Agree/
Strongly Agree
χ2 p-value
Perceived Susceptibility
Respondent at high risk of COVID-19 because of his/ her health conditions 11.70 23.00 6.00 22.021 0.00
Perceived Severity
Respondent will be very sick if he/she get infected by COVID-19 15.50 12.80 6.90 7.535 0.02
Respondent was very concerned that he/she could die from COVID-19 12.40 14.80 5.20 5.633 0.06
Perceived Benefits
Respondent think vaccination is good because it will make him/her less worried about COVID-19 23.90 32.80 3.70 86.155 0.00
Respondent believe vaccination will decrease his/her risk of getting infected by COVID-19 23.90 30.20 5.20 65.530 0.00
Respondent think the complications of COVID-19 will decrease if he/she get vaccinated and then get infected with the Coronavirus. 15.30 30.10 4.80 65.408 0.00
Perceived Barriers
Respondent worried that the possible side effects of the COVID-19 vaccination would interfere with his/her usual activities 8.20 16.40 10.50 6.592 0.04
Respondent concerned about the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine 9.10 22.20 9.00 17.238 0.00
Respondent have a concern that he/she may receive faulty/fake COVID-19 vaccine 6.90 19.90 10.20 20.030 0.00
It concerns respondent that the development of a COVID-19 vaccine is too rushed to test its safety properly 6.40 21.60 11.10 25.232 0.00
Respondent concerned about the long-term side effects of the COVID-19 vaccination 6.00 24.10 11.20 29.562 0.00
Cues to Action Percentage
Social media (e.g., Facebook) or online news portals/blogs as a source of knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine 0.0009 0.976
Yes 12.0
No 12.0
Printed newspaper as a source of knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine 1.3095 0.252
Yes 10.7
No 13.8