Table 2. Variable means by group and T-tests comparing education conditions with control condition.
| Environ Framing (N = 276)1 | Gene Framing (N = 269)2 | Education [Both frames] (N = 545)3 | Control (N = 140)4 | Environ vs. Control | Gene vs. Control | Education vs. Control | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M(SD) | M(SD) | M(SD) | M(SD) | t | p | t | p | t | p | |
| Knowledge and Belief Outcomes | ||||||||||
| Knowledge Recall (range 0–11) | 9.46(1.54) | 9.69(1.45) | 9.57(1.50) | 7.16(2.43) | 10.19 | < .001 | 11.31 | < .001 | 11.20 | < .001 |
| Knowledge Application (range 0–6) | 4.92(1.15) | 4.83(1.19) | 4.88(1.17) | 4.91(1.23) | 0.14 | .89 | -0.59 | .55 | -0.24 | .81 |
| Causal Beliefs (range 1–5) | ||||||||||
| Genetic | 3.41(0.84) | 3.46(0.78) | 3.44(0.81) | 2.89(0.83) | 6.04 | < .001 | 6.92 | < .001 | 7.12 | < .001 |
| Environment | 3.89(0.76) | 3.78(0.75) | 3.84(0.75) | 3.84(0.85) | 0.59 | .55 | -0.81 | .42 | -0.11 | .91 |
| Willpower | 3.31(0.92) | 3.31(0.94) | 3.31(0.93) | 3.51(0.90) | -2.14 | .034 | -2.13 | .034 | -2.34 | .024 |
| Empathy Outcomes | ||||||||||
| Empathetic Concern (range 1–7) | 4.41(1.57) | 4.38(1.44) | 4.40(1.51) | 3.89(1.54) | 3.20 | .001 | 3.20 | .001 | 3.53 | < .001 |
| Perspective Taking (range 1–7) | 5.12(1.12) | 5.16(1.16) | 5.14(1.14) | 5.12(1.04) | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.30 | .76 | 0.17 | .87 |
| Weight Bias Outcomes | ||||||||||
| Weight Stereotype (range 1–5) | ||||||||||
| Negative | 2.13(0.85) | 2.18(0.80) | 2.15(0.82) | 2.17(0.85) | -0.46 | .65 | 0.10 | .92 | -0.21 | .84 |
| Positive | 3.06(0.79) | 3.10(0.69) | 3.08(0.74) | 3.01(0.74) | 0.63 | .53 | 1.24 | .22 | 1.01 | .31 |
| Weight Stigma (range 1–5) | ||||||||||
| Dislike | 1.82(0.83) | 1.79(0.81) | 1.80(0.82) | 1.83(0.84) | -0.15 | .88 | -0.49 | .63 | -0.35 | .73 |
| Fear | 3.21(1.18) | 3.07(1.18) | 3.14(1.18) | 3.07(1.23) | 1.14 | .25 | 0.04 | .97 | 0.66 | .51 |
| Willpower | 2.85(0.89) | 2.87(0.87) | 2.86(0.88) | 2.98(0.89) | -1.39 | .17 | -1.15 | .25 | -1.40 | .16 |
| Behavior Change Motivation Outcomes | ||||||||||
| Confidence (range 1–5) | 3.66(0.86) | 3.57(0.83) | 3.62(0.85) | 3.73(0.78) | -0.77 | .44 | -1.80 | .07 | -1.38 | .17 |
| Self-Efficacy (range 1–5) | ||||||||||
| Healthy Eating | 4.03(0.73) | 4.00(0.72) | 4.02(0.73) | 4.05(0.69) | -0.29 | .79 | -0.70 | .48 | -0.52 | .60 |
| Healthy Weight | 3.63(1.04) | 3.60(1.04) | 3.61(1.03) | 3.66(1.05) | -0.28 | .78 | -0.55 | .58 | -0.46 | .65 |
| Intention (range 1–5) | 3.16(1.13) | 3.06(1.13) | 3.11(1.13) | 2.98(1.15) | 1.47 | .14 | 0.62 | .54 | 1.16 | .25 |
Notes.
1 N = 274
2 N = 265
3 N = 539, and
4 N = 238 for numeric and textual knowledge application. 4 Not significant with Bonferroni adjustment.