TABLE 3.
Adjusted English Proficiency-Specific Associations With Delayed and Forgone Health Care Among Adults, National Health Interview Survey, July–December 2020
| Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delay in health care services | Forgone health care services | |||
| Limited English proficient | English proficient | Limited English proficient | English proficient | |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Hispanic | 0.95 (0.31, 2.90) | 0.97 (0.83, 1.13) | 6.90 (1.71, 27.86)** | 1.07 (0.89, 1.28) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 1.10 (0.31, 3.97) | 0.64 (0.52, 0.79)*** | 6.71 (1.36, 33.18)* | 0.64 (0.51, 0.80)*** |
| Non-Hispanic Other | 0.51 (0.04, 6.91) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.09) | 2.88 (0.21, 38.94) | 1.17 (1.01, 1.35)* |
| Age | ||||
| 18–44 years | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 45–64 years | 1.10 (0.68, 1.79) | 1.06 (0.95, 1.18) | 1.05 (0.4, 1.74) | 0.97 (0.87, 1.09) |
| 65+ years | 0.56 (0.28, 1.12) | 0.62 (0.53, 0.72)*** | 0.46 (0.23, 0.94)* | 0.48 (0.41, 0.57)*** |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Female | 1.28 (0.85, 1.93) | 1.59 (1.46, 1.74)*** | 1.31 (0.88, 1.93) | 1.54 (1.40, 1.69)*** |
| Education | ||||
| College degree or higher | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Some college | 1.48 (0.63, 3.43) | 0.79 (0.71, 0.87)*** | 1.29 (0.49, 3.42) | 0.94 (0.83, 1.05) |
| High school diploma | 0.92 (0.39, 2.13) | 0.67 (0.60, 0.75)*** | 1.09 (0.45, 2.66) | 0.77 (0.67, 0.87)*** |
| Less than high school diploma | 0.77 (0.35, 1.67) | 0.58 (0.47, 0.71)*** | 0.89 (0.37, 2.13) | 0.65 (0.53, 0.81)*** |
| Poverty status | ||||
| ≥200% FPL | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 100%–199% FPL | 0.93 (0.56, 1.56) | 1.37 (1.20, 1.56)*** | 1.06 (0.65, 1.72) | 1.64 (1.42, 1.89)*** |
| <100% FPL | 1.12 (0.65, 1.94) | 1.33 (1.10, 1.59)** | 1.54 (0.88, 2.68) | 1.51 (1.24, 1.82)*** |
| Insurance | ||||
| Private | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Public | 2.02 (1.16, 3.53)* | 1.24 (1.09, 1.41)** | 1.22 (0.66, 2.26) | 1.34 (1.17, 1.54)*** |
| Not insured | 4.32 (2.39, 7.84)*** | 2.33 (1.92, 2.82)*** | 2.98 (1.63, 5.46)*** | 2.37 (1.95, 2.86)*** |
| Worked last week | ||||
| Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| No | 0.80 (0.49, 1.28) | 0.92 (0.82, 1.03) | 0.72 (0.45, 1.16) | 0.98 (0.87, 1.11) |
| Disability | ||||
| No disability | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Has a disability | 1.92 (1.00, 3.66)* | 1.93 (1.67, 2.22)*** | 1.85 (1.01, 3.39)* | 2.23 (1.92, 2.59)*** |
| Has ≥1 chronic condition | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 2.42 (1.49, 3.93)*** | 1.71 (1.53, 1.90)*** | 3.15 (1.83, 5.41)*** | 1.88 (1.67, 2.12)*** |
| Has a usual place of care | ||||
| Has a usual place of care | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| No usual place of care | 1.25 (0.73, 2.13) | 1.29 (1.08, 1.54)** | 0.97 (0.50, 1.88) | 1.25 (1.03, 1.53)* |
*
P<0.05.
**
P<0.01.
***
P<0.00.
FPL indicates federal poverty level.
Data Source: National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, 2020.