Table 3.

Concurrent and Prospective Associations between COVID News Exposure, Affect, and Substance Use

		Within-Person Associations
		Concurrent Associations			Prospective Associations			Prospective Predicting COVID News Exposure			Between-Person Associations
Predictor	Outcome	b	95% CI	p	b	95% CI	p	b	95% CI	p	b	95% CI	p
COVID news exposure	COVID-Related Distress	.32	.29, .35	< .001	.06	.04, .09	< .001	.09	.06, .13	< .001	.70	.58, .81	< .001
	Depressed Affect	.05	.02, .08	< .001	.03	.001, .06	.04	.02	−.004, .04	.11	.27	.15, .39	< .001
	Anxious Affect	.07	.04, .10	< .001	.03	−.01, .06	.12	.01	−.01, .03	.19	.33	.21, .46	< .001
	Positive Affect	−.03	−.05, −.001	.04	−.03	−.06, −.002	.04	-	-	-	−.06	−.18, .06	.32
	Alcohol Use	−.02	−.07, .03	.50	.02	−.03, .07	.50	-	-	-	−.02	−.17, .13	.80
	Cannabis Use	−.01	−.02, −.005	.66	.03	−.02, .09	.19	-	-	-	−.13	−.42, .17	.39
	Number Drinks	.04	−.08, .16	.48	.02	−.12, .16	.76	-	-	-	.36	−.66, −.07	.02
	Hours High (Cannabis)	−.01	−.12, .11	.88	.03	−.09, .16	.56	-	-	-	.14	−.36, .63	.57
	Drinking to Cope	.11	.03, .20	.02	.07	−.01, .17	.10	-	-	-	.36	.07, .69	.01
	Using Cannabis to Cope	.18	.08, .27	< .001	.17	.07, .27	< .001	-	-	-	.20	−.11, .52	.21

In all models, the linear association between the day of the assessment (e.g., day 1 of 30) and the outcome variable as well as the first-order autocorrelation of the outcome’s residuals (i.e., the correlation between the residual at day t−1 with the residual at day t) were included at the within-person level. All within-person associations were allowed to vary across individuals. Age, sexual identity, gender identity, race/ethnicity, and months between the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and the completion of the first daily survey were included as covariates at the between-person level.