Table 2.
Clinical characteristics compared between the survival and death group.
| Variables | All (n = 394) | Survival (n = 302) | Death (n = 92) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underlying diseases, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 111 (28.2) | 84 (27.8) | 27 (29.3) | 0.775 |
| Diabetes | 68 (17.3) | 55 (18.2) | 13 (14.1) | 0.364 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 33 (8.4) | 24 (7.9) | 9 (9.8) | 0.578 |
| Respiratory system diseases | 31 (7.9) | 9 (9.8) | 22 (7.3) | 0.436 |
| Digestive system diseases | 48 (12.2) | 35 (11.6) | 13 (14.1) | 0.514 |
| Urological diseases | 6 (1.5) | 5 (1.7) | 1 (1.1) | 1.000 |
| Symptoms, n (%) | ||||
| Fatigue | 287 (72.8) | 225 (74.5) | 62 (67.4) | 0.179 |
| Chill | 200 (50.8) | 160 (53.0) | 40 (43.5) | 0.110 |
| Anorexia | 190 (48.2) | 142 (47.0) | 48 (52.2) | 0.386 |
| Nausea | 160 (40.6) | 129 (42.7) | 31 (33.7) | 0.123 |
| Vomiting | 116 (29.4) | 89 (29.5) | 27 (29.3) | 0.982 |
| Abdominal pain | 49 (12.4) | 36 (11.9) | 13 (14.1) | 0.574 |
| Diarrhea | 163 (41.4) | 122 (40.4) | 41 (44.6) | 0.477 |
| Cough/expectoration | 55 (14.0) | 39 (12.9) | 16 (17.4) | 0.278 |
| Headache | 49 (12.4) | 42 (13.9) | 7 (7.6) | 0.109 |
| Dizzy | 86 (21.8) | 69 (22.8) | 17 (18.5) | 0.374 |
| Consciousness disturbance | 100 (25.4) | 63 (20.9) | 37 (40.2) | < 0.001 |
| Seizures/cramp | 8 (2.0) | 3 (1.0) | 5 (5.4) | 0.026 |
| Myalgia | 112 (28.4) | 95 (31.5) | 17 (18.5) | 0.016 |
| Muscle tremor | 100 (25.4) | 73 (24.2) | 27 (29.3) | 0.318 |
| Signs, n (%) | ||||
| Temperature (°C) | 38.7 (38.4, 39.0) | 38.7 (38.4, 39.0) | 38.7 (38.4, 39.0) | 0.881 |
| Acute ill-looking | 18 (4.6) | 11 (3.6) | 7 (7.6) | 0.190 |
| Gingival bleeding/ecchymosis | 26 (6.6) | 16 (5.3) | 10 (10.9) | 0.059 |
| Lymphadenopathy | 187 (47.5) | 147 (48.7) | 40 (43.5) | 0.382 |
| Abdominal tenderness | 58 (14.7) | 46 (15.2) | 12 (13.0) | 0.604 |
| Percussion pain in liver and kidney region | 27 (6.9) | 22 (7.3) | 5 (5.4) | 0.539 |
| Lung rales | 47 (11.9) | 37 (12.3) | 10 (10.9) | 0.720 |
| Complications, n (%) | ||||
| Bloodstream infection | 18 (4.6) | 13 (4.3) | 5 (5.4) | 0.866 |
| SIRS | 15 (3.8) | 9 (3.0) | 6 (6.5) | 0.214 |
| Septic shock | 46 (11.7) | 31 (10.3) | 15 (16.3) | 0.114 |
| Pneumonia | 132 (33.5) | 105 (34.8) | 27 (29.3) | 0.335 |
| Respiratory failure | 37 (9.4) | 29 (9.6) | 8 (8.7) | 0.794 |
| Electrolyte disturbance | 61 (15.5) | 47 (15.6) | 14 (15.2) | 0.936 |
| Hypoproteinemia | 47 (11.9) | 40 (13.2) | 7 (7.6) | 0.144 |
| Acute liver function injury | 40 (10.2) | 36 (11.9) | 4 (4.3) | 0.035 |
| Acute renal injury | 18 (4.6) | 15 (5.0) | 3 (3.3) | 0.688 |
| Acute nervous system injury | 4 (1.0) | 2 (0.7) | 2 (2.2) | 0.234 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 30 (7.6) | 21 (7.0) | 9 (9.8) | 0.370 |
| Coagulation disorders/thrombosis | 18 (4.6) | 14 (4.6) | 4 (4.3) | 1.000 |
| Heart failure/arrhythmia | 65 (16.5) | 47 (15.6) | 18 (19.6) | 0.365 |
| MODS | 132 (33.5) | 78 (25.8) | 54 (58.7) | < 0.001 |
SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome, MODS multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.
Significant values are in bold.