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. 2024 Apr 26;15:1302055. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1302055

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Copyright © 2024 Kawada, Ishida, Morisawa, Jobu, Higashi, Aizawa, Yagi, Izawa-Ishizawa, Niimura, Abe, Goda, Miyamura and Ishizawa.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of ALR-ELNs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced release of inflammatory mediators by BV-2 cells. The cells were pretreated with ALR-ELNs (0–20 μg/mL) or dexamethasone (1 μM) for 3 h and stimulated with 0.5 μg/mL LPS for 24 h. The levels of the indicated cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. (A) Nitric oxide (NO): F 6,21 = 85.0, p < 0.01; (B) Interleukin (IL)-1β: F 6,21 = 27.0, p < 0.01; (C) IL-6: F 6,21 = 2941, p < 0.01; and (D) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α: F 6,21 = 11511, p < 0.01. Values are expressed as mean ± SD. **p < 0.01 vs. LPS treatment alone by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test.