Table 2.
Chi-square test of association between demographic, work-related, clinical, and burnout characteristics.
| Variables | Emotional exhaustion absent n (%) | Emotional exhaustion present n (%) | Chi2/Fisher Exact | P-value | Depersonalization/Cynicism absent n (%) | Depersonalization/Cynicism present n (%) | Chi2/Fisher Exact | P-value | Professional fulfilment present n (%) | Professional fulfillment absent n (%) | Chi2/Fisher Exact | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||||||||
| Age (Years) | ||||||||||||
| 18–25 | 4 (15.4%) | 22 (84.6%) | 21.90 | 0.000 | 19 (73.1%) | 7 (26.9%) | 15.57 | 0.002 | 13 (50.0%) | 13 (50.0%) | 8.43 | 0.03 |
| 26–40 | 51 (17.3%) | 243 (82.7%) | 204 (69.4%) | 90 (30.6%) | 194 (66.2%) | 99 (33.8%) | ||||||
| 41–60 | 113 (25.9%) | 324 (71.4%) | 359 (81.8%) | 80 (18.2%) | 315 (71.8%) | 124 (28.2%) | ||||||
| 61 and above | 12 (57.1%) | 9 (42.9%) | 17 (81.0%) | 4 (19.0%) | 17 (81.0%) | 4 (19.0%) | ||||||
| Sex at birth | ||||||||||||
| Male | 26 (27.1%) | 70 (72.9%) | 0.96 | 0.37 | 59 (61.5%) | 37 (38.5%) | 14.45 | 0.000 | 61 (63.5%) | 35 (36.6%) | 1.64 | 0.24 |
| Female | 154 (22.6%) | 528 (77.4%) | 540 (78.9%) | 144 (21.1%) | 478 (70.0%) | 205 (30.0%) | ||||||
| Provinces | ||||||||||||
| Alberta | 123 (22.5%) | 423 (77.5%) | 10.10 | 0.006 | 412 (75.3%) | 135 (24.7%) | 3.04 | 0.22 | 378 (69.1%) | 169 (30.9%) | 2.24 | 0.33 |
| Newfoundland | 25 (34.3%) | 67 (65.7%) | 79 (77.5%) | 23 (22.5%) | 76 (74.5%) | 26 (25.5%) | ||||||
| Nova Scotia | 22 (16.9%) | 108 (83.1%) | 108 (82.4%) | 23 (17.6%) | 85 (65.4%) | 45 (34.6%) | ||||||
| Relationship status | ||||||||||||
| Single | 22 (19.0%) | 94 (81.0%) | 91 (78.4%) | 25 (21.6%) | 76 (66.1%) | 39 (33.9%) | ||||||
| Married | 122 (24.4%) | 377 (75.6%) | 3.98 | 0.41 | 398 (79.6%) | 102 (20.4%) | 13.02 | 0.009 | 351 (70.2%) | 149 (29.8%) | 1.83* | 0.76 |
| Common Law/Partnered | 20 (18.7%) | 87 (81.3%) | 70 (64.8%) | 38 (35.2%) | 71 (65.7%) | 37 (34.3%) | ||||||
| Separated/Divorced | 14 (29.8%) | 33 (70.2%) | 35 (74.5%) | 12 (25.5%) | 34 (72.3%) | 13 (27.7%) | ||||||
| Other | 2 (22.2%) | 7 (77.8%) | 5 (55.6%) | 4 (44.4%) | 7 (77.8%) | 2 (22.2%) | ||||||
| # of children | ||||||||||||
| No child | 37 (15.2%) | 206 (84.8%) | 166 (68.3%) | 77 (31.7%) | 18.31 | 0.001 | 164 (67.8%) | 78 (32.3%) | 4.21 | 0.38 | ||
| One child | 29 (25.2%) | 86 (74.8%) | 18.15 | 0.001 | 86 (74.8%) | 29 (25.2%) | 73 (63.5%) | 42 (36.5%) | ||||
| Two children | 72 (24.1%) | 227 (75.9%) | 251 (83.4%) | 50 (16.6%) | 218 (72.4%) | 83 (27.6%) | ||||||
| Three children | 29 (34.1%) | 56 (65.9%) | 66 (77.6%) | 19 (22.4%) | 61 (71.8%) | 24 (28.2%) | ||||||
| Four or more children | 13 (36.1%) | 23 (63.9%) | 30 (83.3%) | 6 (16.7%) | 23 (63.9%) | 13 (36.1%) | ||||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Indigenous | 7 (42.1%) | 10 (58.8%) | 11 (64.7%) | 6 (35.3%) | 19.44 | 0.003 | 7 (41.2%) | 10 (58.8%) | 11.73 | 0.11 | ||
| African Descendants | 3 (42.9%) | 4 (57.1%) | 11.47* | 0.08 | 4 (57.1%) | 3 (42.9%) | 5 (71.4%) | 2 (28.6%) | ||||
| East Asian | 2 (16.7%) | 10 (83.3%) | 4 (33.3%) | 8 (66.7%) | 5 (41.7%) | 7 (58.3%) | ||||||
| Latino | 5 (55.6%) | 4 (44.4%) | 8 (88.9%) | 1 (11.1%) | 6 (66.7%) | 3 (33.3%) | ||||||
| Middle Eastern | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (100%) | 3 (60.0%) | 2 (40.0%) | 3 (60.0%) | 2 (40.0%) | ||||||
| South Asian | 1 (12.5%) | 7 (87.5%) | 4 (50.0%) | 4 (50.0%) | 5 (62.5%) | 3 (37.5%) | ||||||
| Caucasian | 158 (22.4%) | 548 (77.6%) | 553 (78.1%) | 155 (21.9%) | 499 (70.6%) | 208 (29.4%) | ||||||
| Other ethnicities | 4 (28.6%) | 10 (71.4%) | 12 (85.7%) | 2 (14.3%) | 9 (64.3%) | 5 (35.7%) | ||||||
| Housing status | ||||||||||||
| Own home | 159 (24.7%) | 486 (75.3%) | 4.99 | 0.08 | 510 (78.8%) | 137 (21.2%) | 9.54 | 0.008 | 456 (70.5%) | 191 (29.5%) | 3.04 | 0.22 |
| Renting | 18 (16.4%) | 92 (83.6%) | 72 (65.5%) | 38 (34.5%) | 68 (62.4%) | 41 (37.6%) | ||||||
| Live with family or friend | 3 (13.0%) | 20 (87.0%) | 17 (73.9%) | 6 (26.1%) | 15 (65.2%) | 8 (34.8%) | ||||||
| School Situated | ||||||||||||
| Rural setting | 80 (26.8%) | 219 (73.2%) | 3.58 | 0.07 | 245 (81.4%) | 56 (18.6%) | 5.82 | 0.02 | 206 (68.4%) | 95 (31.6%) | 0.13 | 0.75 |
| Urban Setting | 100 (20.9%) | 379 (79.1%) | 354 (73.9%) | 125 (26.1%) | 333 (69.7%) | 145 (30.3%) | ||||||
| Area of teaching specialization | ||||||||||||
| English | 35 (19.7%) | 102 (80.3%) | 3.10 | 0.80 | 104 (81.9%) | 23 (18.1%) | 22.18 | 0.001 | 91 (71.4%) | 36 (28.3%) | 4.2 | 0.66 |
| Mathematics | 14 (24.6%) | 43 (75.4%) | 42 (73.7%) | 15 (26.3%) | 35 (61.4%) | 22 (38.6%) | ||||||
| Sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Biology) | 15 (27.8%) | 39 (72.2%) | 35 (64.8%) | 19 (35.2%) | 37 (68.5%) | 17 (31.5%) | ||||||
| Arts (History, Geography, Social Studies etc.) | 20 (28.2%) | 51 (71.8%) | 49 (69.0%) | 22 (31.0%) | 46 (64.8%) | 25 (35.2%) | ||||||
| Music | 5 (21.7%) | 18 (78.3%) | 13 (56.5%) | 10 (43.5%) | 14 (60.9%) | 9 (39.1%) | ||||||
| Physical education | 6 (28.6%) | 15 (71.4%) | 12 (57.1%) | 9 (42.9%) | 13 (65.0%) | 7 (35.0%) | ||||||
| Other | 95 (22.4%) | 330 (77.6%) | 344 (80.6%) | 83 (19.4%) | 303 (71.0%) | 124 (29.0%) | ||||||
| Only teach in area of specialization | ||||||||||||
| No | 99 (22.2%) | 347 (77.8%) | 0.52 | 0.49 | 344 (76.8%) | 104 (23.2%) | 0.00 | 1.0 | 314 (70.2%) | 133 (29.8%) | 0.55 | 0.47 |
| Yes | 81 (24.4%) | 251 (75.6%) | 255 (76.8%) | 77 (23.2%) | 225 (67.8%) | 107 (32.2%) | ||||||
| Number of years teaching | ||||||||||||
| 5 years or less | 19 (17.1%) | 92 (82.3%) | 9.47 | 0.02 | 76 (68.5%) | 39 (31.5%) | 13.26 | 0.004 | 69 (62.7%) | 41 (37.3%) | 12.77 | 0.005 |
| 10 years or less but more than 5 years | 22 (15.8%) | 117 (84.2%) | 96 (69.1%) | 43 (30.9%) | 84 (60.4%) | 55 (39.6%) | ||||||
| 20 years or less but more than 10 years | 78 (26.2%) | 220 (73.8%) | 239 (80.2%) | 59 (19.8%) | 209 (70.1%) | 89 (29.9%) | ||||||
| More than 20 years. | 61 (26.5%) | 169 (73.5%) | 188 (81.0%) | 44 (19.0%) | 177 (76.3%) | 55 (23.7%) | ||||||
| Average number of students/pupils in the classes you teach. | ||||||||||||
| 20 or less | 47 (28.7%) | 117 (71.3%) | 132 (80.5%) | 32 (19.5%) | 115 (70.1%) | 49 (29.9%) | ||||||
| 21–27 | 88 (21.8%) | 316 (78.2%) | 3.57 | 0.17 | 319 (78.6%) | 87 (21.4%) | 6.68 | 0.04 | 282 (69.5%) | 124 (51.7%) | 0.23 | 0.89 |
| 28 or more | 45 (21.4%) | 165 (78.6%) | 148 (70.5%) | 62 (29.5%) | 142 (67.9%) | 142 (67.8%) | ||||||
| School you teach. | ||||||||||||
| Catholic School | 37 (26.1%) | 105 (73.9%) | 7.82 | 0.02 | 110 (77.5%) | 32 (22.5%) | 0.14* | 0.96 | 93 (65.5%) | 49 (34.5%) | 2.57 | 0.30 |
| Public School | 135 (21.8%) | 485 (78.2%) | 476 (76.5%) | 146 (23.5%) | 437 (70.4%) | 184 (29.6%) | ||||||
| Other | 8 (50.0%) | 8 (50.0%) | 13 (81.3%) | 3 (18.8%) | 9 (56.3%) | 7 (43.8%) | ||||||
| Major Role | ||||||||||||
| Elementary teacher | 69 (20.1%) | 274 (79.9%) | 274 (79.7%) | 70 (20.3%) | 19.7 | 0.001 | 227 (66.0%) | 117 (34.0%) | 10.85 | 0.054 | ||
| Junior high teacher | 26 (18.4%) | 115 (81.6%) | 15.11 | 0.01 | 95 (67.4%) | 46 (32.6%) | 96 (68.6%) | 44 (31.4%) | ||||
| Senior high teacher | 25 (21.7%) | 90 (78.3%) | 78 (67.8%) | 37 (32.2%) | 76 (66.1%) | 39 (33.9%) | ||||||
| Support Staff | 12 (36.4%) | 21 (63.6%) | 28 (84.8%) | 5 (15.2%) | 22 (66.7%) | 11 (33.3%) | ||||||
| Administrator | 21 (30.4%) | 48 (69.9%) | 59 (84.3%) | 11 (15.7%) | 57 (81.4%) | 13 (18.6%) | ||||||
| Other | 27 (35.1%) | 50 (64.9%) | 65 (84.4%) | 12 (15.6%) | 61 (79.2%) | 16 (20.8%) | ||||||
| Source of stress | ||||||||||||
| Workload | 99 (22.9%) | 334 (77.1%) | 348 (80.0%) | 87 (20.0%) | 8.79 | 0.07 | 313 (72.0%) | 122 (28.0%) | 7.26 | 0.12 | ||
| Student Behavior | 31 (19.0%) | 132 (81.0%) | 3.99 | 0.41 | 115 (70.6%) | 48 (29.4%) | 100 (61.7%) | 62 (68.3%) | ||||
| Class size | 13 (31.0%) | 29 (69.0%) | 35 (83.3%) | 7 (16.7%) | 32 (76.2%) | 10 (23.8%) | ||||||
| Limited management support | 15 (25.0%) | 45 (75.0%) | 43 (71.7%) | 17 (28.3%) | 39 (65.0%) | 21 (35.0%) | ||||||
| Other | 22 (27.5%) | 58 (72.5%) | 58 (71.5%) | 22 (27.5%) | 55 (68.8%) | 25n (31.2%) | ||||||
| Stress | ||||||||||||
| Mild to moderate stress | 170 (29.8%) | 400 (70.2%) | 53.63 | 0.000 | 470 (82.2%) | 102 (17.8%) | 34.75 | 0.000 | 433 (75.7%) | 139 (24.3%) | 47.77 | 0.00 |
| High stress | 10 (4.8%) | 198 (95.2%) | 129 (62.0%) | 79 (38.0%) | 106 (51.2%) | 101 (48.8%) | ||||||
| Resilience | ||||||||||||
| Normal to high resilience | 142 (31.6%) | 308 (68.4%) | 49.29 | 0.000 | 366 (81.3%) | 84 (18.7%) | 14.98 | 0.000 | 341 (75.8%) | 109 (24.2%) | 26.10 | 0.000 |
| Low resilience | 29 (9.6%) | 272 (90.4%) | 208 (69.1%) | 93 (30.9%) | 175 (58.1%) | 126 (41.9%) | ||||||
*Fisher Exact Value.