Table 2.

Treatment β-diversity for ground layer plants (A) and trees (B), with division into β_SIM (turnover component, measured as Simpson dissimilarity), β_SNE (nestedness component, measured as a nestedness-resultant fraction of Sørensen dissimilarity) and β_SOR (overall β-diversity, measured as Sørensen dissimilarity). Ground layer and tree data were collected over 16.5 m² and 0.4 ha (4000 m²), respectively, hence they are not directly comparable.

Group	Comparison	βSIM	βSNE	βSOR	Total number of species	Shared number of species
(A) Ground layer plants	Late vs. no	0.647	0.058	0.705	104	18
	Late vs. early	0.592	0.046	0.638	131	29
	Early vs. no	0.216	0.213	0.429	100	40
	All treatments	0.548	0.088	0.636	140	16
(B) Trees	Late vs. no	0.259	0.125	0.385	45	20
	Late vs. early	0.296	0.190	0.486	55	19
	Early vs. no	0.158	0.089	0.247	53	32
	All treatments	0.284	0.152	0.436	59	18