Table 1.

Results of the environment-dependent birth–death models applied to the Monodoreae with RPANDA. When the rates are not constant, they vary exponentially with time or with the environmental variables (temperature = Temp, or elevation = Elev, or percentage of C₄ plants = PercC4). logL, log-likelihood; λ₀, speciation rate; α, rate of variation in speciation according to the palaeo-environmental variable; μ₀, extinction rate; β, rate of variation in extinction according to the palaeo-environmental variable.

Model	Speciation varies with:	Extinction varies with:	logL	AICc	λ0	α	μ0	β	ΔAICc
BDPercC4	C4 proportion	C4 proportion	−224.08	456.63	1.6829	−0.0439	2.1736	−0.0656	−12.66
BElev	Elevation	No extinction	−232.57	469.29	0.0017	0.0066	−	−	0
BElevDConst	Elevation	Constant	−232.63	471.55	0.0029	0.0059	0.0005	−	2.26
BTemp	Temperature	No extinction	−234.17	472.48	0.1255	0.0829	−	−	3.19
BConst	Constant	No extinction	−235.75	473.55	0.1797	NA	−	−	4.26
BPercC4	C4 proportion	No extinction	−234.83	473.81	0.2396	−0.0072	−	−	4.52
BConstDPercC4	Constant	C4 proportion	−234.06	474.41	0.1963	NA	0.3638	−0.0958	5.12
BTempDConst	Temperature	Constant	−234.17	474.62	0.1254	0.083	0	−	5.33
BTime	Time	No extinction	−235.67	475.49	0.1865	−0.0072	−	−	6.2
BDConst	Constant	Constant	−235.75	475.63	0.1796	NA	0	−	6.34
BPercC4DConst	C4 proportion	Constant	−234.83	475.96	0.2396	−0.0072	0	−	6.67
BDTemp	Temperature	Temperature	−234.17	476.82	0.1255	0.0829	0	0.0156	7.53
BTimeDConst	Time	Constant	−235.67	477.63	0.1864	−0.0071	0	−	8.34
BConstDTime	Constant	Time	−235.75	477.78	0.1797	NA	0	−0.0499	8.49
BConstDElev	Constant	Elevation	−235.75	477.79	0.1797	NA	0.0809	−0.0781	8.5
BConstDTemp	Constant	Temperature	−235.75	477.79	0.1796	NA	0	−0.0016	8.5
BDTime	Time	Time	−235.67	479.83	0.1865	−0.0072	0	0.0259	10.54
BDElev	Elevation	Elevation	−236.44	481.36	0.2674	−0.0005	0	0.0022	12.07