Table 3.
The univariable and multivariable logistic regression models of the willingness to participate in snakebite training
| Variables | Unadjusted model* |
Adjusted model† |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
OR
|
95% CI
|
P-value
|
OR
|
95% CI
|
P-value
|
| Region (ref: northern China) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Northeast China
|
1.97 |
1.68–2.30 |
<0.001 |
1.24 |
1.03–1.50 |
0.025 |
|
Eastern China
|
0.76 |
0.72–0.79 |
<0.001 |
0.52 |
0.49–0.55 |
<0.001 |
|
Central China
|
1.34 |
1.27–1.42 |
<0.001 |
1.17 |
1.09–1.26 |
<0.001 |
|
Southern China
|
1.44 |
1.35–1.53 |
<0.001 |
0.82 |
0.76–0.89 |
<0.001 |
|
Southwest China
|
1.48 |
1.39–1.58 |
<0.001 |
0.74 |
0.69–0.80 |
<0.001 |
|
Northwest China
|
2.26 |
1.63–3.14 |
<0.001 |
1.22 |
0.83–1.80 |
0.320 |
| Sex (ref: male) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Female
|
1.04 |
1.00–1.07 |
0.034 |
0.97 |
0.93–1.01 |
0.110 |
| Age in years (ref: <18) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18–40
|
1.61 |
1.50–1.74 |
<0.001 |
1.04 |
0.95–1.13 |
0.400 |
|
41–60
|
1.35 |
1.25–1.46 |
<0.001 |
0.97 |
0.88–1.07 |
0.523 |
|
>60
|
0.69 |
0.63–0.75 |
<0.001 |
0.79 |
0.71–0.88 |
<0.001 |
| Marital status (ref: married) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unmarried
|
0.83 |
0.80–0.86 |
<0.001 |
0.81 |
0.77–0.85 |
<0.001 |
|
Divorced
|
0.30 |
0.28–0.33 |
<0.001 |
0.39 |
0.36–0.42 |
<0.001 |
|
Widowed
|
0.21 |
0.18–0.23 |
<0.001 |
0.43 |
0.38–0.48 |
<0.001 |
| Education level (ref: illiteracy or primary school) |
|
|
|
|||
|
Middle school/high school/technical secondary school
|
1.64 |
1.56–1.71 |
<0.001 |
1.27 |
1.20–1.35 |
<0.001 |
|
College and above
|
2.88 |
2.74–3.02 |
<0.001 |
1.41 |
1.32–1.50 |
<0.001 |
| Occupation (ref: farmers) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Health care workers
|
2.38 |
2.21–2.56 |
<0.001 |
1.13 |
1.03–1.25 |
0.011 |
|
Field workers
|
0.67 |
0.57–0.79 |
<0.001 |
0.67 |
0.55–0.81 |
<0.001 |
|
Snake breeders
|
0.47 |
0.39–0.57 |
<0.001 |
0.50 |
0.41–0.62 |
<0.001 |
|
Others
|
1.15 |
1.10–1.20 |
<0.001 |
0.93 |
0.87–0.99 |
0.024 |
| Manner of payment for health care expenses (ref: out-of-pocket payment) |
|
|
|
|||
|
Health insurance
|
1.13 |
1.08–1.18 |
<0.001 |
0.98 |
0.93–1.04 |
0.530 |
|
Free medical treatment
|
0.80 |
0.73–0.88 |
<0.001 |
1.04 |
0.93–1.17 |
0.491 |
|
Others
|
1.26 |
0.89–1.77 |
0.193 |
0.86 |
0.55–1.34 |
0.497 |
| Housing type (ref: multi-story buildings) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adobe/wood/tiles/thatch/bamboo houses
|
0.47 |
0.45–0.49 |
<0.001 |
0.68 |
0.65–0.72 |
<0.001 |
|
Tents
|
0.37 |
0.34–0.40 |
<0.001 |
0.53 |
0.48–0.58 |
<0.001 |
|
Others
|
0.71 |
0.54–0.94 |
0.017 |
0.83 |
0.60–1.16 |
0.280 |
| Personal experiences of snakebite incidents (ref: no) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes
|
1.80 |
1.70–1.90 |
<0.001 |
1.75 |
1.63–1.87 |
<0.001 |
| Surrounding experiences of snakebite incidents (ref: no) |
|
|
|
|
||
|
Yes
|
1.98 |
1.89–2.07 |
<0.001 |
1.92 |
1.82–2.03 |
<0.001 |
|
Unsure
|
0.46 |
0.44–0.48 |
<0.001 |
0.74 |
0.70–0.78 |
<0.001 |
| Snakebite knowledge |
1.21 |
1.21–1.22 |
<0.001 |
1.16 |
1.15–1.17 |
<0.001 |
| Health awareness and concepts |
1.06 |
1.06–1.07 |
<0.001 |
1.00 |
1.00–1.01 |
0.373 |
| Health knowledge |
1.09 |
1.09–1.09 |
<0.001 |
1.06 |
1.05–1.07 |
<0.001 |
| Health skills |
1.14 |
1.13–1.15 |
<0.001 |
1.11 |
1.10–1.12 |
<0.001 |
| Social-psychological adjustment skills |
1.09 |
1.09–1.10 |
<0.001 |
1.03 |
1.02–1.04 |
<0.001 |
| Health information cognition and application |
1.11 |
1.11–1.12 |
<0.001 |
1.02 |
1.01–1.02 |
<0.001 |
| Constant | 0.04 | 0.03–0.05 | <0.001 | |||
CI – confidence interval, OR – odds ratio
*There was just one explanatory variable in the model.
†The model was adjusted for region, sex, age, marital status, education level, occupation, manner of payment for health care expenses, housing type, personal experiences of snakebite incidents, surrounding experiences of snakebite incidents, snakebite knowledge, health awareness and concepts, health knowledge, health skills, social-psychological adjustment skills, and health information cognition and application. LR chi2(34) = 17 909.58, P < 0.001.