TABLE 4.
Longitudinal data analysis (LDA) results quantifying frailty and five components’ longitudinal trends and associated sex trajectory differences over first year.
| LDA Model 1 |
LDA Model 2 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regression coeficient (95% CI) | p value | Regression coefficient (95% CI) | p value | |
| Frailty | ||||
| Month 6 | −0.12 (−0.75, 0.5) | 0.696 | −0.01 (−0.64, 0.63) | 0.985 |
| Month 12 | −0.67 (−1.35, 0) | 0.051 | −0.58 (−1.27, 0.11) | 0.098 |
| Women vs men | −0.56 (−1.16, 0.03) | 0.063 | −0.28 (−0.9, 0.33) | 0.362 |
| Month 6 × women | −0.01 (−0.9, 0.87) | 0.974 | −0.2 (−1.1, 0.7) | 0.661 |
| Month 12 × women | 0.75 (−0.17, 1.67) | 0.110 | 0.68 (−0.24, 1.61) | 0.149 |
| Grip strength | ||||
| Month 2 | −0.41 (−1.47, 0.65) | 0.452 | −0.36 (−1.45, 0.72) | 0.509 |
| Month 6 | −0.23 (−1.37, 0.91) | 0.697 | −0.31 (−1.46, 0.85) | 0.603 |
| Month 12 | −0.45 (−1.67, 0.77) | 0.468 | −0.69 (−1.93, 0.56) | 0.279 |
| Women vs men | −10.27 (−11.91, −8.64) | <0.0001 | −11.15 (−12.78, −9.53) | <0.0001 |
| Month 2 × women | −0.07 (−1.56, 1.42) | 0.930 | −0.16 (−1.67, 1.35) | 0.838 |
| Month 6 × women | −0.87 (−2.47, 0.74) | 0.289 | −0.87 (−2.49, 0.75) | 0.294 |
| Month 12 × women | −1.67 (−3.35, 0.01) | 0.051 | −1.50 (−3.20, 0.19) | 0.082 |
| Total energy expenditure | ||||
| Month 2 | −1010.7 (−1418.6, −602.7) | <0.0001 | −1070.7 (−1484.3, −657.2) | <0.0001 |
| Month 6 | −948.2 (−1400.2, −496.3) | <0.0001 | −993.9 (−1448.2, −539.6) | <0.0001 |
| Month 12 | −719.9 (−1193.5, −246.3) | 0.003 | −807.0 (−1284.2, −329.9) | 0.001 |
| Women vs men | 1271.0 (759.7, 1782.3) | <0.0001 | 994.4 (485.9, 1502.9) | 0.0001 |
| Month 2 × women | −769.4 (−1330.3, −208.4) | 0.007 | −701.9 (−1267.6, −136.3) | 0.015 |
| Month 6 × women | −50.8 (−668.7, 567.0) | 0.872 | −45.2 (−667.1, 567.7) | 0.887 |
| Month 12 × women | − 118.2 (−750.5, 514.1) | 0.714 | −35.7 (−672.3, 600.8) | 0.912 |
| Exhaustion | ||||
| Month 2 | −1.14 (−1.75, −0.53) | 0.0002 | −1.19 (−1.8, −0.57) | 0.0001 |
| Month 6 | −1.47 (−2.16, −0.78) | <0.0001 | −1.42 (−2.11, −0.73) | <0.0001 |
| Month 12 | −1.5 (−2.21, −0.8) | <0.0001 | −1.41 (−2.12, −0.7) | <0.0001 |
| Women vs men | 0.36 (−0.29, 1) | 0.279 | 0.44 (−0.21, 1.08) | 0.182 |
| Month 2 × women | −0.62 (−1.46, 0.23) | 0.155 | −0.51 (−1.36, 0.34) | 0.241 |
| Month 6 × women | −0.11 (−1.05, 0.83) | 0.820 | −0.12 (−1.06, 0.82) | 0.804 |
| Month 12 × women | −0.15 (−1.1, 0.81) | 0.763 | −0.12 (−1.07, 0.83) | 0.810 |
| Weight | ||||
| Month 2 | −2.85 (−3.85, −1.85) | <0.0001 | −2.67 (−3.69, −1.65) | <0.0001 |
| Month 6 | −2.83 (−3.94, −1.73) | <0.0001 | −2.60 (−3.72, −1.49) | <0.0001 |
| Month 12 | −1.34 (−2.49, −0.18) | 0.024 | −1.21 (−2.37, −0.04) | 0.042 |
| Women vs men | −14.17 (−17.20, −11.15) | <0.0001 | −13.67 (−15.9, −11.43) | <0.0001 |
| Month 2 × women | 0.20 (−1.21, 1.60) | 0.785 | 0.02 (−1.40, 1.43) | 0.982 |
| Month 6 × women | 0.38 (−1.16, 1.91) | 0.630 | 0.13 (−1.41, 1.67) | 0.868 |
| Month 12 × women | −0.63 (−2.22, 0.95) | 0.432 | −0.83 (−2.42, 0.75) | 0.303 |
| Gait speed | ||||
| Month 6 | 0.07 (0.03, 0.11) | 0.0002 | 0.06 (0.03, 0.10) | 0.0007 |
| Month 12 | 0.11 (0.07, 0.15) | <0.0001 | 0.11 (0.07, 0.15) | <0.0001 |
| Women vs men | 0.03 (−0.03, 0.09) | 0.362 | 0.00 (−0.06, 0.05) | 0.992 |
| Month 6 × women | 0.03 (−0.02, 0.08) | 0.279 | 0.04 (−0.01, 0.09) | 0.130 |
| Month 12 × women | −0.03 (−0.09, 0.02) | 0.235 | −0.03 (−0.08, 0.02) | 0.295 |
Note: LDA Model 1 (Random effect model with simple adjustment): Y ~ ui + time + women + age + time × women. LDA Model 2 (Fully adjusted random effect model): Y ~ ui + time + women + age + time × women + education + race + comorbidity + BMI + ADL + 3MS. (Sex: women = 1, and men = 0, time × women are interaction terms). p-values came from t-test of LDA regression coefficients. Bold p-values indicate significance if rounded to two decimal places (≤0.05).