Table 3.
Direct age-adjusted associations between psychosocial inputs and food group intake outcome variables by sex and area of residence†,‡
| Outcome variable | General sample (n 813) | Girls subsample (n 519) | Boys subsample (n 294) | Rural subsample (n 405) | Urban subsample (n 408) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor: gender-based stereotypes | |||||
| Fruits and vegetables (g/d) | 0·03 | 0·12* | −0·07 | −0·04 | 0·06 |
| Legumes (g/d) | 0·10* | 0·16** | −0·01 | 0·06 | 0·10 |
| Sugary drinks (g/d) | 0·11* | 0·03 | 0·22* | 0·08 | 0·14* |
| Ultra-processed foods (g/d) | −0·04 | −0·06 | −0·01 | −0·01 | −0·04 |
| Fast food (g/d) | −0·09* | −0·19** | 0·03 | −0·08 | −0·09 |
| Predictor: family meals | |||||
| Fruits and vegetables (g/d) | 0·02 | −0·01 | 0·06 | 0·05 | 0·01 |
| Legumes (g/d) | 0·12* | 0·17** | 0·06 | 0·21** | 0·05 |
| Sugary drinks (g/d) | −0·03 | −0·01 | −0·06 | −0·05 | −0·03 |
| Ultra-processed foods (g/d) | 0·02 | 0·02 | 0·01 | 0·06 | −0·03 |
| Fast food (g/d) | −0·04 | −0·10 | 0·03 | 0·01 | −0·08 |
| Predictor: parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian coefficients) | |||||
| Fruits and vegetables (g/d) | 0·11*, 0·03 | 0·07, −0·01 | 0·18*, 0·09 | 0·06, 0·13* | 0·11, 0·00 |
| Legumes (g/d) | −0·00, −0·05 | −0·00, −0·05 | −0·06, −0·11 | 0·00, 0·05 | −0·06, −0·09 |
| Sugary drinks (g/d) | 0·06, 0·05 | 0·06, 0·11* | 0·05, −0·04 | 0·13***, −0·03 | 0·04, 0·08 |
| Ultra-processed foods (g/d) | 0·07, 0·01 | 0·08, 0·04 | 0·04, −0·04 | 0·07, −0·07 | 0·08, 0·09 |
| Fast food (g/d) | 0·04, 0·00 | 0·07, 0·05 | −0·01, −0·07 | −0·04, −0·06 | 0·12***, 0·05 |
*P < 0·05; **P < 0·01; ***P = 0·05.
†
Data derived from SEM analysis.
‡
Relationships between psychosocial inputs and food intake outcome variables are expressed in terms of standardised regression coefficients (β).