Table 3.
OR for food groups, food items and dietary patterns, comparing cases (daily GERD symptoms) with non-cases (symptoms <1 d/week)
| Quintiles of consumption frequency * | Test for trend, P-value | Test for linearity, P-value | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | Increase of 1 time/week | ||||||||
| OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | |||
| Food group | ||||||||||||
| Total meat | 0·99 | 0·81, 1·21 | 1·09 | 0·90, 1·33 | 1·08 | 0·87, 1·34 | 1·13 | 0·90, 1·41 | 1·01 | 0·99, 1·03 | 0·202 | 0·820 |
| Red meat | 1·05 | 0·86, 1·28 | 0·93 | 0·76, 1·13 | 0·88 | 0·72, 1·08 | 0·98 | 0·79, 1·21 | 0·99 | 0·97, 1·01 | 0·537 | 0·434 |
| Fish | 0·98 | 0·80, 1·19 | 1·00 | 0·81, 1·22 | 1·17 | 0·96, 1·43 | 1·30 | 1·05, 1·61 | 1·09 | 1·03, 1·15 | 0·002 | 1·000 |
| Chicken | 1·07 | 0·89, 1·29 | 1·06 | 0·86, 1·30 | 1·13 | 0·93, 1·38 | 1·34 | 1·11, 1·63 | 1·08 | 1·03, 1·14 | 0·002 | 0·852 |
| Processed meat | 1·01 | 0·83, 1·22 | 1·09 | 0·86, 1·37 | 0·94 | 0·79, 1·12 | 0·99 | 0·81, 1·20 | 0·99 | 0·96, 1·03 | 0·749 | 0·584 |
| Total vegetables | 0·95 | 0·78, 1·17 | 0·97 | 0·81, 1·16 | 1·06 | 0·83, 1·34 | 1·08 | 0·88, 1·32 | 1·00 | 1·00, 1·01 | 0·290 | 0·899 |
| Leafy vegetables | 0·98 | 0·82, 1·17 | 0·89 | 0·71, 1·12 | 0·96 | 0·78, 1·17 | 0·95 | 0·78, 1·17 | 0·99 | 0·97, 1·02 | 0·661 | 0·904 |
| Cruciferous vegetables | 0·99 | 0·80, 1·22 | 1·23 | 0·99, 1·51 | 1·23 | 1·00, 1·50 | 1·48 | 1·20, 1·82 | 1·04 | 1·02, 1·06 | <0·001 | 0·506 |
| Total fruit | 0·79 | 0·65, 0·95 | 0·80 | 0·65, 0·97 | 0·78 | 0·64, 0·95 | 0·73 | 0·58, 0·92 | 0·99 | 0·99, 1·00 | 0·012 | 0·187 |
| Total dairy | 0·81 | 0·66, 1·00 | 0·87 | 0·70, 1·06 | 0·91 | 0·74, 1·12 | 0·80 | 0·64, 1·00 | 1·00 | 0·99, 1·00 | 0·173 | 0·236 |
| High-fat/added-sugar discretionary food | 0·98 | 0·80, 1·20 | 0·93 | 0·75, 1·15 | 0·94 | 0·75, 1·16 | 1·07 | 0·86, 1·34 | 1·00 | 0·99, 1·01 | 0·386 | 0·611 |
| Food item | ||||||||||||
| Citrus | 0·83 | 0·68, 1·00 | 0·87 | 0·72, 1·05 | 0·59 | 0·48, 0·74 | 0·66 | 0·53, 0·81 | 0·97 | 0·95, 0·98 | <0·001 | 0·018 |
| Tomato | 0·88 | 0·72, 1·06 | 0·82 | 0·69, 0·97 | 0·90 | 0·71, 1·14 | 0·89 | 0·71, 1·12 | 0·99 | 0·96, 1·02 | 0·430 | 0·209 |
| Chocolate | 0·92 | 0·76, 1·10 | 1·00 | 0·83, 1·20 | 0·97 | 0·79, 1·20 | 1·10 | 0·87, 1·41 | 1·02 | 0·98, 1·05 | 0·302 | 0·752 |
| Carbonated beverages | 1·00 | 0·82, 1·23 | 1·18 | 0·96, 1·45 | 1·30 | 1·06, 1·58 | 1·48 | 1·24, 1·77 | 1·06 | 1·03, 1·08 | <0·001 | 0·741 |
| Tea | 0·78 | 0·63, 0·97 | 0·87 | 0·70, 1·08 | 0·90 | 0·74, 1·09 | 1·01 | 0·82, 1·23 | 1·00 | 1·00, 1·01 | 0·241 | 0·094 |
| Coffee | 0·95 | 0·76, 1·19 | 0·79 | 0·63, 1·00 | 0·87 | 0·71, 1·06 | 0·89 | 0·72, 1·12 | 1·00 | 0·99, 1·00 | 0·544 | 0·272 |
MDS, Mediterranean Diet Score; AHEI-2010, Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010.
Estimated OR comparing each quintile of consumption frequency with the lowest quintile. Regression models adjusted for age, total energy intake, education, Socio-economic Indexes for Areas, occupational and leisure physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, country of birth and dietary variables. For the analyses of meat, dairy, high-fat added-sugar discretionary food, chocolate, carbonated beverages, tea, coffee and alcohol intake, the models included total fruit, cruciferous vegetables and leafy vegetables. For the analyses of vegetable and fruit intake, the models included total fat.