Table 3.
Associations between perceived stress quintiles and BMI and waist circumference among adults in the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2015 (n 8385)*,†,‡
| Outcomes | Perceived Stress§ (Quintile 1 as the reference) | Overall P value‖ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile 1 (n 1728) | Quintile 2 (n 1690) |
Quintile 3 (n 1531) |
Quintile 4 (n 1317) |
Quintile 5 (n 2119) |
||||
| BMI (continuous) | β ¶ | Ref. | −0·35** | −0·44*** | −0·48*** | −0·44*** | <0·001 | |
| 95 %CI** | −0·59, −0·11 | −0·69, −0·19 | −0·74, −0·21 | −0·67, −0·21 | ||||
| BMI categories using WHO cut-points‡‡
(Ref.: normal weight) |
Underweight | RPR†† | Ref. | 1·01 | 1·27 | 1·53* | 1·18 | 0·015 |
| 95 % CI | 0·69,1·47 | 0·88,1·84 | 1·05,2·22 | 0·83,1·67 | ||||
| Overweight | RPR | Ref. | 0·89 | 0·89 | 0·98 | 0·88 | ||
| 95 % CI | 0·77,1·03 | 0·77,1·04 | 0·83,1·14 | 0·76,1·01 | ||||
| Obese | RPR | Ref. | 0·79 | 0·65** | 0·62** | 0·72* | ||
| 95 % CI | 0·60,1·04 | 0·48,0·87 | 0·45,0·85 | 0·55,0·94 | ||||
| BMI categories using Chinese-specific cut-points§§ (Ref: normal weight) | Underweight | RPR | Ref. | 0·99 | 1·27 | 1·49* | 1·17 | 0·098 |
| 95 % CI | 0·68,1·45 | 0·87,1·84 | 1·02,2·17 | 0·82,1·67 | ||||
| Overweight | RPR | Ref. | 0·87 | 0·88 | 0·93 | 0·91 | ||
| 95 % CI | 0·75,1·01 | 0·76,1·03 | 0·79,1·09 | 0·79,1·06 | ||||
| Obese | RPR | Ref. | 0·86 | 0·83 | 0·77* | 0·79* | ||
| 95 % CI | 0·71,1·05 | 0·67,1·02 | 0·62,0·96 | 0·65,0·96 | ||||
| Waist circumference categories using WHO cut-points‖‖ (Ref: normal) | Moderate abdominal obesity | RPR | Ref. | 0·99 | 0·97 | 0·93 | 0·83* | 0·047 |
| 95 % CI | 0·84,1·17 | 0·82,1·16 | 0·77,1·11 | 0·70,0·97 | ||||
| Abdominal obesity | RPR | Ref. | 0·93 | 0·9 | 0·84 | 0·73*** | ||
| 95 % CI | 0·77,1·12 | 0·74,1·09 | 0·68,1·03 | 0·61,0·88 | ||||
| Waist circumference categories using Chinese-specific cut-points¶¶ (Ref: normal) | Moderate abdominal obesity | RPR | Ref. | 0·96 | 0·96 | 0·84 | 0·97 | 0·017 |
| 95 % CI | 0·79,1·16 | 0·78,1·16 | 0·68,1·04 | 0·81,1·16 | ||||
| Abdominal obesity | RPR | Ref. | 0·91 | 0·91 | 0·90 | 0·77*** | ||
| 95 % CI | 0·78,1·06 | 0·77,1·06 | 0·76,1·06 | 0·67,0·89 | ||||
Linear regression models were used for perceived stress quintiles and continuous BMI; multinomial logistic regression models were used for perceived stress quintiles and categorical BMI and categorical waist circumference.
Models adjusted for age, sex, education level, marital status, residential area, employment status and personal income level.
*P < 0·05, **P < 0·01, ***P < 0·001.
Cut-points for categorical perceived stress: quintile 1: 0–17; quintile 2: 18–22; quintile 3: 23–25; quintile 4: 26–27 and quintile 5: 28–52.
Overall P value is for the overall association between perceived stress quintiles and adiposity, calculated from likelihood-ratio test.
Coefficient of multiple linear regression.8
95 % CI
RPR: relative prevalence ratios
WHO cut-points for BMI: underweight, <18·5 kg/m2; normal weight, 18·5–24·9 kg/m2; overweight but not obese, 25·0–29·9 kg/m2 and obese, ≥30·0 kg/m2.
Chinese-specific cut-points for BMI: underweight, <18·5 kg/m2; normal weight, 18·5–23·9 kg/m2; overweight but not obese, 24·0–27·9 kg/m2 and obese, ≥28·0 kg/m2.
WHO cut-points for waist circumference: moderate abdominal obesity is defined as >94 cm and ≤102 cm for male and >80 cm and ≤88 cm for female; abdominal obesity is defined as >102 cm for male and >88 cm for female.
Chinese-specific cut-points for waist circumference: moderate of abdominal obesity is defined as ≥85 cm and <90 cm for male and ≥80 cm and <85 cm for female; abdominal obesity is defined as ≥90 cm for male and ≥85 for female.