Table 4.

Difference, prevalence and likelihood to have abnormal anthropometric measures by food security status

	Food secure† (n 2077)		Marginal food security (n 570)		Food insecure (n 946)		Total (n 3593)
Percentage moderately underweight: MUAC < 12·5 cm‡	0·4		0·3		1·2		0·5
Likelihood to be moderately underweight (adjusted OR)	1·0	Ref§	1·09	0·28–4·22	4·08*	1·97–8·44
Percentage severely underweight: MUAC < 11·5 cm	0·1		0·1		0·3		0·1
Likelihood to be severely underweight (adjusted OR)	1·0	Ref	1·10	0·13–4·45	5·09*	1·34–19·35
Percentage obese: BMI > 95th percentile	2·8		5·6		6·9*		4·1
Likelihood to be obese, (adjusted OR)	1·0	Ref	1·82	0·93–3·55	2·12*	1·27–3·54
Low birth weight (%)||	11·9		11·8		12·8		12·1
		β-coefficient	95 % CI	P-value	β-coefficient	95 % CI	P-value
Upper arm length (cm)
<6 months (n 254)	Ref	−0·05	–0·46, 0·22	P = 0·772	−0·40	–0·71, –0·09	P = 0·012*
6 months-1 years (n 809)		−0·12	–0·39, 0·29	P = 0·483	−0·41	–0·72, –0·11	P = 0·008*
2–3 years (n 883)		0·12	–0·15, 0·40	P = 0·376	−0·13	–0·38, 0·13	P = 0·319
4–5 years (n 759)		0·14	–0·22, 0·49	P = 0·440	−0·08	–0·38, 0·21	P = 0·577
6–7 years (n 891)		−0·02	–0·41, 0·38	P = 0·940	0·07	–0·24, 0·39	P = 0·655
MUAC (cm)	Ref						–
<6 months (n 254)		0·17	–0·23, 0·57	P = 0·401	−0·53	–0·89, –0·17	P = 0·004*
6 months–1 years (n 809)		0·13	–0·22, 0·38	P = 0·315	0·17	–0·06, 0·40	P = 0·134
2–3 years (n 883)		0·41	0·16, 0·66	P = 0·001*	0·17	–0·06, 0·40	P = 0·157
4–5 years (n 759)		0·18	–0·61, 0·24	P = 0·389	0·01	–0·35, 0·35	P = 0·969
6–7 years (n 891)		0·28	–0·31, 0·87	P = 0·351	0·46	0·01, 0·93	P = 0·048*

^*Significantly different from the food-secure category, P < 0·05.

^†NHANES sampling weights were applied in all analysis. β-coefficients and OR have been adjusted for sex and race/ethnicity.

^‡MUAC is mid-upper arm circumference, assessed from age 2 months and older.

^§The food-secure category was the referent.

^||Birth weight < 2·5 kg.