Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 863 participants enrolled in two fruit and vegetable incentive trials at separate Maine supermarkets stratified by online shopping use*
| Variable | Overall (n 863) | Shopped in-store only (n 715) | Shopped online (online only or online and in-store)† (n 148) | P ‡ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| Primary shopper characteristics | |||||||
| Trial randomisation to intervention group | 429 | 49·7 | 346 | 48·4 | 83 | 56·1 | 0·09 |
| Age (years) | 0·003 | ||||||
| 18–29 | 145 | 17·0 | 127 | 18·0 | 18 | 12·2 | |
| 30–39 | 362 | 42·5 | 282 | 40·1 | 80 | 54·4 | |
| 40–49 | 270 | 31·7 | 225 | 32·0 | 45 | 30·6 | |
| 50–59 | 58 | 6·8 | 56 | 8·0 | 2 | 1·4 | |
| 60 and older | 16 | 1·9 | 14 | 2·0 | 2 | 1·4 | |
| Female | 717 | 84·1 | 585 | 82·9 | 132 | 89·8 | 0·04 |
| Non-Hispanic white | 791 | 92·8 | 651 | 92·2 | 140 | 95·9 | 0·12 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0·33 | ||||||
| Mean | 28·1 | 28·2 | 27·6 | ||||
| sd | 6·5 | 6·6 | 6·2 | ||||
| Household characteristics | |||||||
| Number of children§ | 0·93 | ||||||
| Mean | 1·9 | 1·9 | 1·9 | ||||
| sd | 0·9 | 1·0 | 0·8 | ||||
| Number of adults‖ | 0·31 | ||||||
| Mean | 2·0 | 2·1 | 2·0 | ||||
| sd | 0·5 | 0·8 | 0·5 | ||||
| Income as percentage of federal poverty line¶ | <·0001 | ||||||
| ≤100 % | 176 | 22·7 | 167 | 26·1 | 9 | 6·7 | |
| 101–185 % | 162 | 20·9 | 150 | 23·5 | 12 | 8·9 | |
| 186–300 % | 238 | 30·8 | 186 | 29·1 | 52 | 38·5 | |
| >300 % | 198 | 25·6 | 136 | 21·3 | 62 | 45·9 | |
| SNAP participation** | 209 | 24·3 | 198 | 27·8 | 11 | 7·5 | <·0001 |
| WIC participation** | 109 | 12·8 | 107 | 15·2 | 2 | 1·4 | <·0001 |
Responses were missing for the following characteristics: age (12); gender (10); race/ethnicity (11); BMI (132); SNAP participation (4); WIC participation (12); percentage of federal poverty level (89).
Eleven shoppers shopped online only; 137 shopped both online and in-store.
P-values are from t-test for continuous measures and chi-squared or fisher’s exact test for categorical variables (Satterthwaite for unequal variance).
Mean imputation was used for missing or unrealistic values (n 1).
Mean imputation was used for missing or unrealistic values (n 27).
If annual income was reported, percentage of poverty was calculated by dividing the median of the annual household income category by the annual federal poverty guideline for the household size in 2016; if only weekly income was reported, the median of the income category was multiplied by 4·35 to obtain monthly income, which was divided by the monthly federal poverty guideline for the household size in 2016.
Based on self-reported participation at enrollment.