| polySia | Polysialic acid |
| Sia | Mono-sialic acid |
| CMP-Sia | Cytidine monophosphate-sialic acid |
| NCAMs | Neural cell adhesion molecules |
| polySTs | Polysialyltransferases (ST8Sia II (STX) and ST8Sia IV (PST) |
| PSTD | Polysialyltransferase domain |
| LMWH | Low-molecular-weight heparin |
| CMP | Cytidine monophosphate |
| LF | Lactoferrin |
| CSP | Chemical shift perturbation |