Table 1.

A selection of MB mouse models for metastasis and relapse.

MB Model	Subgroup Resemblance	Model Type	Incidence	Latency (Months)	Metastasis/ LMD Rate	Refs.
mWnt-MB	Wnt	Orthotopic	100%	average of 1.7 m	0%	[57]
mWnt-MB, MycT58A	Wnt	Orthotopic	100%	average of 0.5 m	80%	[57]
Ptch1 +/−	SHH	GEMM	28%–39%	6–8 m	50%	[68]
Ptch1+/−, Math1-cre; LSL- Atoh1	SHH	GEMM	100%	3–4 m	100%	[70]
Ptch1+/−, Atoh1-creER;LSL- Atoh1	SHH	GEMM	100%	6–7 m	100%	[70]
Ptch1+/−, Math1-SB11/T2Onc transposon	SHH	GEMM	97%	2.5 m	80%	[48]
RCAS Shh	SHH	Retroviral	40%	2–3 m	~10%	[71]
RCAS Shh, Eras; Lhx1; Ccrk or Akt	SHH	Retroviral	50–60%	1–2 m	30–45%	[71]
Heterzygous NeuroD2-SmoA1	SHH	GEMM	48%	6 m	0%	[73]
Homozygous NeuroD2-SmoA1	SHH	GEMM	94%	1–2 m	30%	[73]
NeuroD2-SmoA1, Math1-GFP	SHH	GEMM	100%	5.4 m	28%	[88]
Atoh1-SmoM2	SHH	GEMM	~50%	3–4 m	15–30%	[74]
Atoh1-SmoM2, Kmt2dfl/+ or Kmt2dfl/fl	SHH	GEMM	100%	2 m	65–100%	[74]
Trp53mut	SHH	GEMM	0%	-	0%	[48]
Trp53mut, Math1-SB11/T2Onc transposon	SHH	GEMM	40%	average of 3 m	100%	[48]
MYCN in iPSC-NES; hbNES	SHH	Orthotopic	90–100%	2–4; 4–6 m	30–70%; 0–30%	[64]
MYCN + OCT4 in iPSC-NES; hbNES	SHH	Orthotopic	100%	1; 2 m	100%; 50%	[64]
GTML (Glt1-tTA, TRE-MYCN)	Group 3	GEMM	75%	2–6 m	~10%	[78]
GTML, Trp53KI/KI	Group 3	GEMM	100%	1.3–3.3 m	NA	[79]
GTS (MYCN/SOX9-driven)	Group 3	GEMM	100%	1.5–4 m after dox loss	50–60%	[80]
GMYC (Glt1-tTA, TRE-MYC)	Group 3	GEMM	62%	average of 4.3 m	~5%	[82]
GMYC, ARF−/−	Group 3	GEMM	95%	average of 3.3 m	50–60%	[82]

GEMM: genetically engineered mouse model; NA: not available, LMD: leptomeningeal dissemination, iPSC-NES: iPSC-derived neuroepithelial stem cells; hbNES: human hindbrain-derived neuroepithelial stem.