Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, evaluating associations between different variables and overall survival.
| Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subgroup | p-Value | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | |
| Age | <65 | 0.021 | 0.0012 | 0.54 (0.37–0.78) |
| BMI | Normal | (ref) | ||
| Overweight | 0.023 | |||
| Obese | ||||
| ECOG PS | 0 | (ref) | ||
| 1 | 8.07 × 10−8 | |||
| 2 | 1.18 × 10−22 | 0.016 | 2.46 (1.18–5.09) | |
| 3 | 3.24 × 10−16 | 0.014 | 3.43 (1.28–9.18) | |
| 4 | 0.0007 | |||
| Pulmonary comorbidity | 0.063 | 0.042 | 1.52 (1.02–2.27) | |
| Endocrine comorbidity | 0.094 | |||
| Histologic subtype | Adenocarcinoma | (ref) | ||
| Squamous | 0.00019 | |||
| SCLC | ||||
| Pleomorphic | ||||
| NOS | ||||
| LCNEC | ||||
| Stage at diagnosis | I | (ref) | ||
| II | ||||
| IIIA | 0.056 | |||
| IIIB | ||||
| IIIC | 0.037 | |||
| IVA | ||||
| IVB | 0.029 | |||
| Metastases | Lung | 0.002 | ||
| Pleura | 4.67 × 10−8 | 0.010 | 1.64 (1.13–2.38) | |
| Liver | 1.07 × 10−10 | |||
| Brain | 8.86 × 10−5 | 0.067 | 1.61 (0.97–2.67) | |
| Bone | 2.20 × 10−7 | |||
| Adrenal gland | 0.027 | 0.012 | 1.88 (1.15–3.07) | |
| Other | 0.029 | |||
| PD-L1 | <1% | (ref) | ||
| 1–49% | 0.011 | |||
| ≥50% | 0.040 | 0.001 | 0.44 (0.27–0.71) | |
| Prior surgery | 0.0002 | |||
| Prior radiotherapy | 0.024 | |||
| Prior chemotherapy | 4.33 × 10−7 | |||
| Treatment line | 1 | (ref) | ||
| 2 | 2.72 × 10−10 | |||
| 3 | 1.70 × 10−9 | |||
| 4 | 4.12 × 10−5 | |||
| 5 | ||||
| Consolidation | 0.0039 | |||
| Checkpoint inhibitor | PD-1 inhibitor | (ref) | ||
| PD-L1 inhibitor | 5.97 × 10−4 | |||
| PD-1 + CTLA-4 inhibitor | 0.025 | 0.053 | 0.49 (0.24–1.01) | |
| Concurrent radiotherapy | 0.0012 | 0.018 | 0.57 (0.36–0.91) | |
| Endocrine irAE | 1.56 × 10−15 | 0.005 | 0.48 (0.28–0.80) | |
| Non-endocrine irAE | 2.92 × 10−28 | 2.88 × 10−8 | 0.34 (0.23–0.50) | |
| White blood cell count | 7.72 × 10−6 | 0.0008 | 0.9993 (0.99889–0.9997) | |
| Platelets | 0.033 | |||
| Neutrophils | 2.21 × 10−8 | 0.0006 | 1.001 (1.00032–1.0012) | |
| Lymphocytes | 0.087 | 0.009 | 1.001 (1.00018–1.0013) | |
| NLR | <2 | (ref) | ||
| 2–3 | ||||
| >3 | 9.94 × 10−9 | |||
| LDH | >ULN | 1.96 × 10−6 | 0.034 | 1.6 (1.04–2.48) |
| Hemoglobin | ≥12 mg/dL | 1.94 × 10−6 | ||
Results reported for associations with p < 0.1. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; irAE, immune-related adverse event; LCNEC, large -ell neuroendocrine carcinoma; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; NOS, not otherwise specified; SCLC, small-cell lung cancer; ULN, upper limits of normal.