Table 1.
Clinical, surgical, treatment, and histological characteristics of the patients. PaCSCs: Pancreatic cancer stem cells; HTA: Arterial hypertension; DM: Diabetes mellitus; DL: dyslipidaemia; TP: Total pancreatectomy; CDP: Cephalic duodenopancreatectomy; STP: Subtotal pancreatectomy; DP: Distal pancreatectomy; CCP: Corporocaudal pancreatectomy; Gem: Gemcitabine; FOL: FOLFIRINOX; Nab-P: Nab-paclitaxel; CAP: Capecitabine; TNM: Tumor node metastasis. p-value < 0.05, Group I (control) versus Group II (experimental group).
| Characteristics | Group II (n = 21) | Group I (n = 21) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, M ± SEM) | 64 ± 1.7 | 69.3 ± 2 | 0.024 * |
| Overall survival (months, median) | 17.1 (0.6–61.9) | 18 (0.8–61.8) | 0.899 |
| Disease-free survival (months, median) | 14 (2–66) | 10 (2–66) | 0.888 |
| Operative time (minutes, median) | 350 (280–420) | 300 (120–360) | 0.002 * |
| Hospital stay (days, median) | 11 (7–28) | 17 (4–69) | 0.302 |
| PaCSCs (CXCR4 + CD133 + EpCAM) | 19.7 ± 8.2 | 13.8 ± 7.1 | 0.919 |
| Sex | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Male | 6 (29) | 13 (62) | 0.03 * |
| Female | 15 (71) | 8 (38) | |
| Symptoms | |||
| HTA | 10 (48) | 9 (43) | 0.757 |
| DM | 9 (43) | 7 (33) | 0.525 |
| DL | 10 (48) | 6 (29) | 0.204 |
| Jaundice | 17 (81) | 12 (57) | 0.095 |
| Abdomnal pain | 8 (38) | 7 (33) | 0.747 |
| Constitutional syndrome | 5 (24) | 5 (24) | 0.999 |
| Resections | |||
| TP without splenectomy | 1 (5) | 4 (19) | 0.502 |
| TP with splenectomy | 9 (43) | 5 (24) | |
| CDP | 9 (43) | 8 (38) | |
| STP | 1 (5) | 1 (5) | |
| DP | 0 | 1 (5) | |
| CCP | 1 (5) | 2 (10) | |
| Adjuvant treatment | |||
| No | 9 (43) | 5 (24) | 0.190 |
| Yes | 12 (57) | 16 (76) | |
| Chemotherapy regimen | |||
| No | 9 (43) | 5 (24) | 0.215 |
| Gem | 3 (14) | 8 (38) | |
| FOL | 2 (10) | 4 (19) | |
| Gem + Nab-P | 4 (19) | 2 (10) | |
| CAP | 2 (10) | 0 (0) | |
| Gem + CAP | 1 (5) | 2 (10) | |
| Pancreatitis complications | |||
| Delayed gastric emptying | 2 (10) | 2 (10) | 0.999 |
| Pancreatic fistula (B,C) | 0 | 1 (5) | 0.757 |
| Hemorrhage | 0 | 2 (10) | 0.525 |
| Clavien-Dindo | |||
| I | 4 (19) | 3 (14) | 0.804 |
| II | 5 (24) | 3 (14) | |
| III | 2 (10) | 3 (14) | |
| IV | 0 | 1 (5) | |
| V | 1 (5) | 1 (5) | |
| Differentiation | |||
| Good | 4 (19) | 3 (14) | 0.08 |
| Moderate | 7 (33) | 14 (67) | |
| Poor | 10 (48) | 4 (19) | |
| Invasion | |||
| Neurologic invasion | 15 (71) | 15 (71) | 0.999 |
| Vascular invasion | 7 (33) | 8 (38) | 0.747 |
| Lymphatic Invasion | 7 (33) | 11 (52) | 0.212 |
| TNM | |||
| Ia | 2 (10) | 5 (24) | 0.419 |
| Ib | 6 (29) | 3 (14) | |
| IIa | 1 (5) | 2 (10) | |
| IIb | 6 (29) | 8 (38) | |
| III | 6 (29) | 3 (14) | |
| Locoregional recurrence | 2 (10) | 11 (52) | 0.004 * |
| Distant recurrence | |||
| No | 12 (57) | 14 (62) | 0.757 |
| Liver | 7 (33) | 8 (38) | |
| Lung | 2 (10) | 0 (0) | |
| Mortality (>30 days) | 13 (62) | 13 (62) | 0.999 |
* p < 0.05, tumor versus non-tumor tissue.