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. 2024 May 10;20:187. doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-04052-5

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — The antiviral effect of SP2509 on different infection steps of PEDV.The supernatant was replaced with SP2509 during the virus's attachment, invasion, replication, and release phases. A SP2509 treatment schemes. The blue bar represents 4℃ pretreatment, the red bars represent PEDV infection, the purple bars represent SP2509 treatment, and the vertical bars represent the cell collection. B Virus attachment assay. RT-qPCR detected PEDV-ORF3 mRNA level. C Virus internalization assay. PEDV-ORF3 mRNA level was detected by RT-qPCR. D Virus replication assay. PEDV-ORF3 mRNA level was detected by RT-qPCR. E IFA detection of SP2509 on PEDV replication phase. F IFA fluorescence quantification results. G Virus release assay. A virus in the supernatant was detected by TCID₅₀. Data are expressed as three independent experiments. ns P > 0.05, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001