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Possible inflammatory response pathway in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells induced by COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. (a) RPE cells respond to intracellular RNA through the RNA sensor RIG-I (DDX58), enhancing Type 1 IFN response and increasing IFN-β levels. (b) Type 1 IFN activation may also initiate cell death and apoptosis pathways by upregulating a spectrum of interferon-stimulated genes. IFN, interferon; RIG-I, Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I.
