Questions:	Points
1. You would like to test the volume responsiveness of your patient using the passive leg raise (PLR) test. How do you proceed?	0
(a) Raise both legs above 45°	0
(b) Raise one leg above 45°	0
(c) First, position the patient in a flat position, and then do so in a head-down position (Trendelenburg)	0
(d) Raise the upper body to 45° with subsequent tilting of the bed so that the trunk is flat and the legs are raised	1
(e) None of the above	0
2. Which target value do you use to assess the effect of the PLR?
(a) Increase in systolic blood pressure	0
(b) Increase in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP)	0
(c) Increase in pulse pressure (systolic—diastolic blood pressure)	0
(d) Increase in cardiac output by means of continuous cardiac output measurement (e.g., PICCO)	1
(e) Increase in cardiac output using discontinuous cardiac output measurement (e.g., LVOT VTI using echocardiography)	0
(f) Increase in cardiac output by means of discontinuous HZV measurement (e.g., using PAK)	0
(g) None of the above	0
3. What effect size of the target variable that you have assessed do you expect the patient to respond to?
(a) 8% increase	0
(b) 9% increase	0
(c) 10% increase	1
(d) 11% increase	0
(e) 12% increase	0
(f) 13% increase	0
(g) 14% increase	0
(h) 15% increase	0
(i) None of the above	0
4. What are the clinical situations in which the PLR is not useful? (multiple answers possible)
(a) Increased intraabdominal pressure	1
(b) Wearing compression stockings	1
(c) Ventilated patients	0
(d) Arrhythmias	0
(e) Traumatic brain injury	1
(f) Spontaneous breathing	0
(g) Insufficient tidal volumes in ventilated patients (<8 mL/kg)	0
(h) Low lung compliance	0
In total	=6 Points
Further Questions:
5. You are:
(a) Doctor in residence
(b) Specialist doctor
6. Your function is:
(a) Assistant doctor
(b) Functional senior physician/deputy senior physician
(c) Consultant
(d) Senior consultant
(e) Chief physician
7. Your specialty is: (If more than one applies, please select your current specialty)
(a) Internal medicine
(b) General surgery
(c) Orthopedics, trauma surgery
(d) Pediatrics
(e) Anesthesiology
(f) Neurology
(g) Neurosurgery
(h) Other specialty
8. Do you have the additional qualification “Special Intensive Care Medicine”?
(a) Yes
(b) No
9. Your current place of work is: (If more than one applies, select your current specialty):
(a) Intensive care unit with a bed capacity of 1–10
(b) Intensive care unit with a bed capacity of 11–15
(c) Intensive care unit with a bed capacity of 16–30
(d) Intensive care unit with a bed capacity of 31–45
(e) Intensive care unit with a bed capacity of 46–60
(f) Intermediate care unit
(g) Recovery ward
(h) Functional area
(i) Other location
10. You mainly care for patients in the following specialties:
(a) Interdisciplinary
(b) Post-operative patients (mixed collective)
(c) Cardiac surgery
(d) Pediatrics
(e) Internal medicine
(f) Neurosurgery
(g) Neurology
(h) General surgery
(i) Orthopedics, trauma surgery
(j) Other specialty
11. You work in a clinic of the care level: (Please select the most appropriate.)
(a) Basic and standard care
(b) Maximum care
(c) University hospital