Figure 4.

Effect of the leaf extract from C. sativa and castalagin on IL-8 release (A,B) and NF-κB-driven transcription (C,D), measured via ELISA and luciferase assay, respectively. The HaCaT cells (not stimulated control, white bar) were treated with IL-1β 10 ng/mL (black bar) and the leaf extract (dots bar) or castalagin (horizontal lines bar) for 6 h. Data (n = 3) are expressed as the mean (%) ± SEM relative to IL-1β, which was arbitrarily assigned the value of 100%. * p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 vs. C. acnes.