Figure 8.

Effect of the combination of the leaf extract from C. sativa (100 μg/mL) with erythromycin on bacterial growth (A) and biofilm formation (B), measured using the broth microdilution test and crystal violet assay. C. acnes O.D. = 0.1 (black bar) was treated with erythromycin alone (oblique line bar) or combined with castalagin (dots bar) for 48 h. Data (n = 3) are expressed as the mean (%) ± SEM relative to C. acnes, which was arbitrarily assigned the value of 100%. * p < 0.05 and *** p < 0.001 vs. C. acnes.