OVCFs	osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures
MSCs	mesenchymal stem cells
PVP	percutaneous vertebroplasty
PKP	percutaneous kyphoplasty
SERMs	selective estrogen receptor modulators
BMD	bone mineral density
miRNAs	microRNAs
BMP	bone morphogenetic protein
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor alpha
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
IL-17	interleukin 17
ROS	reactive oxygen species
NRF2	nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2
M-CSF	macrophage colony-stimulating factor
RANKL	receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand
OPG	osteoprotegerin
TGF-β	transforming growth factor-beta
IL-1	interleukin-1
BM-MSCs	bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
OVX	ovariectomized
aBM-MSCs	allogenic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
WJ-MSCs	Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs
MSCs-Exos	exosomes sourced from MSCs
GPNMB	glycoprotein non-melanoma clone B
BMSCs	bone marrow stem cells
Β-TCP	β-tricalcium phosphate
OPG	osteoprotegerin
AD-MSC	adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell
PMMA	polymethyl methacrylate