Table 1.
Diagnostic algorithm and cut-off points for sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia according to different working groups.
| Variables/Test | AWGS1 | AWGS2 | EWGSOP1 | EWGSOP2 | FNIH | SDOC | IWGS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case search | Questionnaire (SARC-F) | - | ≥4 points | - | ≥4 points | - | ||
| Questionnaire (SARC-CalF) | - | ≥11 points | - | - | - | |||
| Calf circumference | - | M < 34 cm F < 33 cm |
- | - | - | |||
| Pathologies | - | + | - | - | Weakness | |||
| Age | >60–65 years | - | >65 years | - | - | ≥65 years old | ||
| Evaluation | Grip strength | M < 26 kg F < 18 kg |
M < 28 kg F < 18 kg |
M < 30 kg F < 20 kg |
M < 27 kg F < 16 kg |
M < 26 kg F < 16 kg |
M< 35.5 Kg F < 20 kg |
|
| 5-time chair stand | - | t ≥ 12 s | - | t > 15 s | - | |||
| Test 4 m | - | v ≤ 0.8 m/s | - | - | - | v < 0.8 m/s | v < 1 m/s | |
| Confirmation | MMA | M < 20 kg F < 15 kg |
M < 19.75 kg F < 15.02 kg |
|||||
| MMA/h2 | BIA M < 7 kg/m2 F < 5.7 kg/m2 |
DEXA M < 7 kg/m2 F < 5.4 kg/m2 BIA M < 7 kg/m2 F < 5.7 kg/m2 |
DEXA or BIA M < 7.26 kg/m2 F < 5.45 kg/m2 |
DEXA or BIA M < 7 kg/m2 F < 6 kg/m2 |
DEXA M ≤ 7.23 kg/m2 F ≤ 5.57 kg/m2 |
|||
| MMA/IMC2 | - | - | - | - | M < 0.789 F < 0.512 |
|||
| Severity | Test 4 m | - | - | v < 0.8 m/s | v ≤ 0.8 m/s | - | ||
| Test 6 m | v < 0.8 m/s | v < 1 m/s | - | - | - | |||
| Chair test | - | t ≥ 12 s | - | - | - | |||
| TUG | - | - | - | t ≥ 20 s | - | |||
| SPPB | - | ≤9 points | - | ≤8 points | - | |||
| Confirmed diagnosis of sarcopenia | ↓ Grip strength or ↓ walking speed + MMA/h2 |
Positive case search + ↓ MMA or↓ Physical performance |
↓ MM + ↓ Grip strength or ↓ walking speed |
SARC-F ≥ 4 points + ↓ Grip strength and saddle test + ↓ MM |
↓ Grip strength + ↓ MMA/IMC2 or MMA |
↓ Grip strength + ↓ Gait speed |
↓ MMA/h2 + ↓ Gait speed |
|
| Diagnosis of severe sarcopenia | - | Positive case search + ↓ MMA + ↓ Physical performance (chair test) |
↓ MM + ↓ Grip strength + ↓ walking speed |
Sarcopenia + ↓ Physical performance |
- | - | - |
MM: Muscle Mass; MMA: Appendicular Muscle Mass; h: height; TUG: Timed Up and Go; SPPB: Short Physical Performance Battery; DEXA: Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry; BIA Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis; v: velocity; t: time; SARC-F (Strength, Assistance in walking, Rise from chair, Climb chair and Falls), SARC-CalF (Strength, Assistance in walking, Rise from chair, Climb chair, Falls and Calf); M: male; F: female; AWGS: Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia; EWGSOP: European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People; FNIH: Foundation for the National Institutes of Health; SDOC: Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium; +: plus; ↓: low.