Figure 1.

(A) Periapical radiograph of an abraded calcified mandibular incisor with no visible canal lumen. (B) Three-dimensional micro-ct reconstruction of the same calcified mandibular incisor that was extracted for prosthetic reasons. The micro-ct reveals a patent canal. (C) Apical root canal anatomy of the calcified canal lumen sectioned, revealing canal bifurcation and apical anastomosis (Skyscan 1172 micro-CT scanning device, Bruker MicroCT, Belgium) (images courtesy of Dr. Alexey Volokitin, city of Dnepr, Ukraine).