Table 3.

Rationale for inclusion of each question in the VEGANScreener.

VEGANScreener Question (Abbreviated Title) *	Rationale for Inclusion and Format
Green vegetables	Critical nutrient (calcium) List of vegetables satisfying the following three requirements: Calcium content > 40 mg/100 g Commonly consumed in country Low oxalate content
Dark orange and red fruits and vegetables	Beta-carotene intake List of fruits and vegetables satisfying the following three requirements: Beta-carotene content > 130 mcg/100 g Commonly consumed in country
Other vegetables	Dietary fiber and micronutrient intake, diverse vegetable intake
Other fruits	Dietary fiber and micronutrient intake, diverse fruit intake
White/yellow potatoes	High glycemic index, pro-inflammatory
White bread, white bun, or white roll	High glycemic index, pro-inflammatory
White rice, pasta/noodles, instant couscous, etc.	High glycemic index, pro-inflammatory
Wholegrain bread, bun or roll, etc.	Dietary fiber and micronutrient intake
Other whole grains	Dietary fiber and micronutrient intake
Nuts and seeds	Polyunsaturated fat, plant protein intake and, micronutrient intake
Nut and seed butters	Polyunsaturated fat, plant protein intake, and micronutrient intake
Vegan butter or coconut oil	Saturated fat content, pro-inflammatory
Plant-based oils	Long-chain omega 3 fatty acids intake
EPA/DHA-fortified oils or supplements	EPA/DHA intake
Tofu, seitan, natto, tempeh, etc.	Plant protein intake
Beans, soybeans, lentils, chickpeas, or peas	Dietary fiber and plant protein intake
Packaged meat/fish alternatives	Saturated fat and sodium content
Salt content (sub-question, refers to previous question)	Potentially high sodium content
Calcium-fortified plant-based milks, etc.	Calcium and plant protein content
Cheese alternatives containing coconut oil	Saturated fat content
Savory snacks	Saturated fat and sodium content
Ready-to-eat meals	Saturated fat added sugar and/or sodium content
Sweets and desserts	Saturated fat and added sugar content
Sugar-sweetened beverages	Added sugar content
Artificially sweetened beverages	Associations with adverse CVD outcomes and possibly cancer
Alcoholic beverages	Inhibiting nutrient absorption
Use of supplement for vitamin B12	Critical nutrient for vegans
Use of iodized salt, supplement, or seaweed	Critical nutrient for vegans
Use of vitamin D supplement	Critical nutrient for vegans
Use of selenium supplement	Critical nutrient for vegans

* Refer to Table 2 for a full list of questions.