Table 5.
Distribution of nutritional, social, and lifestyle habit variables and health variables among sample groups according to the diet followed.
| Numerical Variable | Mediterranean Diet (M) | Vegetarian Diet (VD) | Vegan Diet (VG) | Flexitarian Diet (FD) | p-Value * |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI | 23.96 ± 4.31 | 22.41 ± 3.57 | 22.56 ± 3.6 | 22.64 ± 3.58 |
p < 0.001 M-VD (p < 0.001) M-VG (p < 0.001) M-FD (p < 0.001) |
| IASE | 54.86 ± 9.48 | 50.27 ± 6.55 | 41.81 ± 5.85 | 52.97 ± 7.53 |
p < 0.001 M-VD (p < 0.001) M-VG (p < 0.001) M-FD (p < 0.001) VD-VG (p < 0.001) VD-FD (p < 0.001) VG-FD (p < 0.001) |
| Fried food | 2.33 ± 0.81 | 2.01 ± 0.77 | 1.96 ± 0.79 | 1.99 ± 0.72 |
p < 0.001 M-VD (p < 0.001) M-VG (p < 0.001) M-FD (p < 0.001) |
| Fast food | 2.44 ± 0.75 | 2.31 ± 0.76 | 2.28 ± 0.76 | 2.18 ± 0.75 |
p < 0.001 M-VD (p < 0.001) M-VG (p < 0.001) M-FD (p < 0.001) VD-FD (0.01) |
| Ultra-processed food | 2.39 ± 0.95 | 2.26 ± 0.91 | 2.13 ± 0.82 | 2.07 ± 0.88 |
p < 0.001 M-VD (p < 0.001) M-VG (p < 0.001) M-VD (p < 0.001) V-FD (p < 0.001) |
| Water | 3.38 ± 0.64 | 3.42 ± 0.62 | 3.43 ± 0.60 | 3.49 ± 0.6 |
p < 0.001 M-VG (p < 0.001) |
| Sugary soft drinks | 1.43 ± 0.69 | 1.24 ± 0.55 | 1.2 ± 0.48 | 1.19 ± 0.46 |
p < 0.001 M-VD (p < 0.001) M-VG (p < 0.001) M-FD (p < 0.001) |
| Juice | 1.26 ± 0.55 | 1.20 ± 0.47 | 1.22 ± 0.52 | 1.17 ± 0.46 |
p < 0.001 M-FD (p < 0.001) |
| Coffee and energy drinks | 1.72 ± 0.71 | 1.63 ± 0.65 | 1.56 ± 0.68 | 1.71 ± 0.66 |
p < 0.001 M-VD (0.01) M-VG (p < 0.001) VG-FD (p < 0.001) |
| Sedentary lifestyle | 1.58 ± 0.84 | 1.60 ± 0.83 | 1.61 ± 0.87 | 1.66 ± 0.88 | 0.21 ‡ |
| Self-perceived health | 3.82 ± 0.82 | 3.88 ± 0.81 | 3.91 ± 0.92 | 3.89 ± 0.77 |
p < 0.001 M-VG (0.02) |
| Sport | 144.98 ± 170.91 | 187.95 ± 177.32 | 213.99 ± 212.94 | 191.51 ± 180.2 |
p < 0.001 M-VD (p < 0.001) M-VG (p < 0.001) M-FD (p < 0.001) |
| Sleeping hours | 2.51 ± 0.73 | 2.59 ± 0.72 | 2.55 ± 0.74 | 2.63 ± 0.70 |
p < 0.001 M-VD (p < 0.001) M-VG (p < 0.001) |
| Getting up rested | 2.54 ± 0.58 | 2.55 ± 0.56 | 2.53 ± 0.63 | 2.53 ± 0.55 | 0.87 ‡ |
| Sleep quality | 3.39 ± 1.02 | 3.43 ± 1.01 | 3.38 ± 1.11 | 3.39 ± 0.98 | 0.68 ‡ |
| Smoking | 1.25 ± 0.66 | 1.13 ± 0.45 | 1.11 ± 0.39 | 1.11 ± 0.42 |
p < 0.001 M-VD (p < 0.001) M-VG (p < 0.001) M-FD (p < 0.001) |
| Alcohol | 1.80 ± 0.89 | 1.58 ± 0.75 | 1.50 ± 0.75 | 1.60 ± 0.76 |
p < 0.001 M-VD (p < 0.001) M-VG (p < 0.001) M-FD (p < 0.001) |
| Getting drunk | 1.06 ± 0.30 | 1.06 ± 0.26 | 1.02 ± 0.21 | 1.05 ± 0.25 | 0.04 M-VG (0.03) |
| Night outings | 1.20 ± 0.44 | 1.19 ± 0.42 | 1.10 ± 0.32 | 1.19 ± 0.43 |
p < 0.001 M-VG (p < 0.001) VD-VG (p < 0.001) VG-F (0.02) |
| Obesophobia | 3.42 ± 1.43 | 3.45 ± 1.42 | 3.40 ± 1.42 | 3.47 ± 1.38 | 0.75 ‡ |
| No control | 2.75 ± 1.29 | 2.82 ± 1.25 | 2.67 ± 1.34 | 2.83 ± 1.21 | 0.03 ‡ |
| Body image | 3.57 ± 1.28 | 3.68 ± 1.29 | 3.69 ± 1.31 | 3.68 ± 1.26 | 0.02 ‡ |
| Diagnosed eating disorder | 0.03 ± 0.16 | 0.07 ± 0.25 | 0.08 ± 0.27 | 0.05 ± 0.23 |
p < 0.001 M-VG (p < 0.001) VD-VG (p < 0.001) VG-FD (p < 0.001) |
* Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni correction (pairwise comparisons). ‡ No significant differences between groups.