Table 3.

Cardiovascular effects of Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson (sea-buckthorn), Elaeagnaceae family—in vitro studies.

Herbal Raw Material	Active Compounds	Functions	Mechanism of Action	Dose	References
Fruits	Polyphenols (proanthocyanidins) Flavonoids (flavonol glycosides isorhamnetin 3–O–hexoside–deoxyhexoside and isorhamnetin 3–O–hexoside) Phenolic acids Vitamins (vitamin C) Fatty acids and phytosterols Triterpenes and triterpene derivates (derived from isorhamnetin) Compounds derived from quercetin and kaempferol	Anti-platelet Anticoagulant	↓ surface exposition of GPIIb/IIIa and P–selectin	50 μg/mL; 10 min	[17,29]
Leaves	Ellagitannins (casuarinin, hippophaenin B, casuarictin, stachyurin, strictinin, or their isomers) Ellagic acid and its glycosides Flavonoids (glycosides of isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin)	Anti-platelet	↓ surface exposition of P–selectin ↓ surface exposition of GPIIb/IIIa active complex	5 and 50 μg/mL; 30 min	[16]
Twigs	Proanthocyanidins Catechin	Anticoagulant Anti-platelet	↓ surface exposition of P–selectin ↓ surface exposition of GPIIb/IIIa active complex	5 and 50 μg/mL; 30 min	[16]
Seeds	Flavonoids (glycosides of isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin) Proanthocyanidins and catechin, triterpenoid saponins, and several unidentified polar and hydrophobic compounds	Antioxidant Anticoagulant	↓ lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation ↓ oxidation of thiol groups	0.5, 5.0, 50 µg/mL	[18]

↑—increased, ↓—decreased.