Table 1.
The effects of hydration strategies on the parameters of fluid balance (n = 12).
| NOR+PHS | NOR+CON | HYP+PHS | HYP+CON | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| %BML | −0.49 ± 0.40 ab | −1.19 ± 0.57 | −0.69 ± 0.40 ab | −1.28 ± 0.34 | <0.001 |
| Fluid Intake (g) | 734.2 ± 144.9 ab | 272.3 ± 143.0 | 831.7 ± 166.4 ab | 369.8 ± 221.7 | <0.001 |
| Sodium Intake (g) | 0.92 ± 0.27 ab | 0.19 ± 0.10 | 1.18 ± 0.29 abc | 0.26 ± 0.15 | <0.001 |
| WBSR (L/h) | 0.89 ± 0.44 | 0.89 ± 0.34 | 1.07 ± 0.20 | 1.12 ± 0.22 | 0.16 |
| LSR (mg/cm2/min) | 3.69 ± 1.10 | 3.61 ± 1.34 | 3.86 ± 0.98 | 4.09 ± 0.80 | 0.52 |
| Sweat Na+ (mmol/L) | 67.8 ± 14.3 | 71.3 ± 16.3 | 62.7 ± 9.6 ab | 56.2 ± 9.0 a | <0.001 |
| ΔUrine Na+ (mmol/L) |
10.0 ± 17.2 | 13.9 ± 16.5 | 5.0 ± 13.6 | 5.6 ± 16.1 | 0.36 |
| ΔUrine K+ (mmol/L) |
−4.3 ± 4.8 | −6.0 ± 5.7 | −4.8 ± 4.8 | −0.5 ± 5.9 | 0.10 |
BML—body mass loss; WBSR—whole-body sweat rate; LSR—local sweat rate; NOR—normothermic environment condition; HYP—hyperthermic environment condition; PHS—personalized hydration strategy; CON—drink ad libitum control; a significant difference compared with NOR+CON; b significant difference compared with HYP+CON; c significant difference compared to NOR+PHS.