Figure 3.

The distinguishing attributes of MedDiet. First, an adequate intake of a huge variety of plant-based foods that are minimally processed, seasonally fresh and locally grown. This includes fruits, vegetables, minimally refined grains, beans and nuts, as they provide a rich array of nutrients such as vitamins, non-vitamin-A carotenoids, flavonoids and dietary fiber. Fresh fruits are incorporated as a regular dessert option. Second, there is a moderate intake of local products derived from milk, primarily yogurt, alongside fish and seafood, to obtain nutrients like LCω3PUFAs and astaxanthin. Third, the consumption of red meat, including processed variants, is limited to once a week or every two weeks, while allowing for moderate wine consumption with meals. MedDiet offers a variety of nutrients that can help to lower blood glucose levels, reduce oxidative stress and mitigate inflammation, thereby exerting a significant impact on retarding the occurrence and progression of DR.