Table 1.
Study cohort demographic and surgical characteristics
| Parameters | Open isolated TVSx (n=537) |
| Demographics | |
| Age, years | 58.2±20.1 |
| Median (IQR) | 63.5 (43.9–73.8) |
| Males | 249 (46.4) |
| Country of birth | |
| Australia plus territories/New Zealand | 379 (70.6) |
| Europe | 77 (14.3) |
| Asia | 33 (6.1) |
| Other | 48 (8.9) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Cardiovascular disease* | 454 (84.5) |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 104 (19.4) |
| Prior PCI/CABG | 31 (5.8) |
| Congestive cardiac failure | 200 (37.2) |
| Stroke | 11 (2.0) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 25 (4.7) |
| Prosthetic heart valve | 59 (11.0) |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 289 (53.8) |
| Cardiac risk factors* | 323 (60.1) |
| Hypertension | 138 (25.7) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 16 (3.0) |
| Diabetes | 82 (15.3) |
| Current/ex-smoker | 198 (36.9) |
| Primary PHT | 11 (2.0) |
| Secondary PHT | 74 (13.8) |
| Malignancy | 10 (1.9) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 31 (5.8) |
| Neurodegenerative disease* | 3 (0.6) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 73 (13.6) |
| IVDU history | 54 (10.1) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score† | 1.4±1.9 |
| Median (IQR) | 1 (0–2) |
| Surgical characteristics | |
| Indication for valve surgery | |
| Endocarditis | 56 (10.4) |
| Non-endocarditis | 481 (89.6) |
| Rheumatic tricuspid valve | 357 (66.5) |
| Concomitant CABG‡ | 77 (14.3) |
| Types of TVSx§ | |
| Annuloplasty | 262 (48.8) |
| Replacement | 217 (40.4) |
| Repair | 83 (15.5) |
| Open valvotomy | 5 (0.9) |
| Others | 15 (2.8) |
| Length of hospital stay, days | 24.4±23.5 |
| Median (IQR) | 16 (10–31) |
Plus-minus values represent mean±SD; all others represent numbers of patients with values in parentheses representing percentages, or otherwise stated.
*Cardiovascular disease includes history of ischaemic heart disease (includes PCI and/or CABG), stroke, congestive cardiac failure, peripheral vascular disease, prosthetic heart valve and/or atrial fibrillation/flutter. Cardiac risk factors include history of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes and/or smoking (current/previous). Neurodegenerative disease includes dementia, central nervous systemic atrophies, Parkinson’s disease, basal ganglia degeneration and/or nervous systemic degenerative diseases.
†Conditions included in the Charlson Comorbidity Index include myocardial infarction, congestive cardiac failure, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, dementia, chronic pulmonary disease, connective tissue disease, peptic ulcer disease, liver disease (mild vs moderate to severe), diabetes (with or without organ damage), hemiplegia, moderate to severe renal disease, any tumour (within the last 5 years), lymphoma, leukaemia, metastatic solid tumour and AIDS.
‡Concomitant CABG performed during same admission for cardiac valve surgery.
§More than one type of TVSx might be performed on a patient during the same admission.
CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; IVDU, intravenous drug use; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PHT, pulmonary hypertension; TVSx, tricuspid valve surgery.