Table 3.

Thematic presentation of effect of safety culture interventions on staff

Churruca theme	Subdomains	Items/references
Teamwork and Collaboration	Teamwork (SCC) (CAS) Teamwork Climate (SAQ) (SCQ) Teamwork with Units (HSOPS) Teamwork across Units (HSOPS) Handoffs and Transitions (HSOPS) Interdisciplinary teamwork Interprofessional team experience Team Orientation	60
Leadership and Leadership Support for Safety	Perceptions of Management (SAQ) Manager Expectations and Actions Promoting Patient Safety (HSOPS) Management Support for Patient Safety (HSOPS) Leadership Improvement (SCLS)	44
Reporting and Just Culture	Frequency of Events Reported (HSOPS) Non-Punitive Response to Error (HSOPS) Fear of Negative Repercussions (SCLS) Reporting of near misses Information Processes (SCC) Feedback and Communication about Error (HSOPS)	42
Perceptions of Safety	Safety Climate (SAQ) Overall Perception of Patient Safety (HSOPS) Safety Climate (SCQ) Perceived State of Safety (SCLS) Safety Awareness (SCC) Safety Awareness (awareness of risks) Safety Attitude	30
Resources and Constraints	Working Conditions (SAQ) Staffing (HSOPS) Turnover	25
Openness	Communication Openness (HSOPS) Open Communication (CAS) Quality of Communication Communication (SCC) Multiprofessional Communication	16
Well-being	Job Satisfaction (SAQ) Emotional Exhaustion (Maslach Burnout Inventory) Valuing Individuals (CAS) Empowering People (CAS)	16
Learning and Improvement	Organisational Learning/Continuous Improvement (HSOPS) Learning (CAS) Organisational Learning and Improvement Processes (SCC) Organisational Culture Assessment	15
Awareness of Human Limits	Stress Recognition (SAQ)	13
Prioritisation of Safety	Commitment to Safe Practice (SCC) Safety behaviour Valuing Safety (SCLS) Patient safety is everyone’s priority (CAS)	4
Safety Systems	Systems Thinking	1

CAS, Culture Assessment Survey; HSOPSC, Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture; SAQ, Safety Attitudes Questionnaire; SCC, Safety Climate and Capability; SCLS, Safety Culture and Leadership Survey.