Table 3.
Comparison of outcomes between study arms, intention-to-treat (imputation of missing data using last carried forward)
| Singing for Lung Health online (n=57) | Usual care (UC) (n=58) | |||||||
| Outcome variable | Baseline | Follow-up | Change (mean (SD)) | Baseline | Follow-up | Change (mean (SD)) | Regression coefficient (95% CI) |
P value |
| RAND SF-36 PHC score | 30.00 (22.43–36.38) (n=57) | 29.79 (23.39–35.50) | −0.12 (4.93) | 28.37 (22.32–35.77) (n=54) |
26.71 (21.33–33.72) | −1.83 (4.77) | 1.77 (0.11 to 3.44) | 0.037 |
| RAND SF-36 MHC score | 36.71 (31.50–51.28) (n=57) | 39.57 (29.73–48.15) | −0.96 (6.74) | 36.44 (27.76–47.89) (n=54) | 36.00 (28.06–42.04) | −1.31 (7.58) | 0.86 (−1.68 to 3.40) | 0.504 |
| SF-36 physical function | 20.00 (5.00–40.00) | 25.00 (10.00–45.00) | 2.98 (13.66) | 20.00 (10.00–45.00) | 25.00 (10.00–45.00) | 0.09 (11.51) | 2.43 (−2.12 to 6.99) | 0.292 |
| SF-36 role limitation, physical | 0.00 (0.00–50.00) | 0.00 (0.00–50.00) | −2.19 (26.42) | 0.00 (0.00–50.00) | 0.00 (0.00–25.00) | −11.57 (30.99) | 8.81 (−0.55 to 18.16) | 0.065 |
| SF-36 pain | 61.00 (22.00–84.00) | 52.00 (31.00–84.00) | −0.65 (24.02) | 41.00 (22.00–62.00) | 41.00 (22.00–62.00) | −2.98 (18.70) | 4.78 (−2.70 to 12.27) | 0.208 |
| SF-36 general health | 25.00 (10.00–37.00) | 20.00 (10.00–35.00) | −1.19 (12.20) | 21.00 (15.00–40.00) | 20.00 (10.00–35.00) | −2.50 (11.24) | 1.03 (−3.19 to 5.25) | 0.629 |
| SF-36 energy | 35.00 (25.00–50.00) | 35.00 (25.00–50.00) | −0.26 (14.22) | 25.00 (15.00–45.00) | 32.50 (15.00–45.00) | 0.09 (14.68) | 1.50 (−3.43 to 6.44) | 0.547 |
| SF-36 role limitation, emotional | 66.67 (0.00–100.00) | 66.67 (0.00–100.00) | 2.34 (39.27) | 33.33 (0.00–100.00) | 33.33 (0.00–100.00) | −3.09 (44.52) | 7.53 (−6.60 to 21.67) | 0.293 |
| SF-36 emotional well-being | 68.00 (56.00–84.00) | 68.00 (52.00–80.00) | −1.82 (12.94) | 60.00 (52.00–84.00) | 62.00 (40.00–76.00) | −2.81 (14.94) | 2.07 (−2.87 to 7.01) | 0.407 |
| SF-36 social functioning | 50.00 (25.00–75.00) | 50.00 (25.00–75.00) | −4.39 (20.11) | 50.00 (25.00–75.00) | 43.75 (25.00–62.50) | −3.47 (27.41) | −0.39 (−8.52 to 7.73) | 0.924 |
| CAT score | 25.00 (18.00–29.00) (n=57) | 24.00 (17.00–29.00) | −0.18 (4.43) | 24.50 (16.00–29.00) (n=54) | 24.00 (16.00–31.00) | 0.67 (5.03) | −0.80 (−2.56 to 0.96) | 0.370 |
| Dyspnoea 12 | 18.00 (12.50–25.50) (n=56) | 19.00 (9.00–24.00) | −0.57 (6.06) | 18.50 (12.00–25.00) (n=54) | 20.00 (12.00–26.00) | 0.48 (5.36) | −1.23 (−3.31 to 0.85) | 0.243 |
| Medical research council breathlessness score | 4.00 (3.00–4.00) (n=57) | 4.00 (3.00–4.00) | −0.02 (0.81) | 4.00 (3.00–4.00) (n=56) | 4.00 (3.00–4.00) | −0.02 (0.56) | 0.02 (−0.22 to 0.26) | 0.865 |
| Depression (PHQ-9) | 7.00 (2.00–12.00) (n=57) | 7.00 (3.00–14.00) | 0.89 (4.44) | 10.00 (3.00–14.00) (n=55) | 10.00 (6.00–13.00) | 0.73 (3.68) | −0.08 (−1.52 to 1.36) | 0.913 |
| Anxiety (GAD-7) | 2.50 (0.00–7.50) (n=56) | 1.00 (3.00–8.50) | 0.71 (4.26) | 4.00 (1.00–7.00) (n=55) | 5.00 (1.00–8.00) | 0.67 (3.29) | −0.05 (−1.45 to 1.35) | 0.943 |
| ABC score | 75.63 (40.00–88.13) (n=57) | 74.38 (41.25–86.88) | −0.89 (14.82) | 73.13 (48.13–89.69) (n=55) | 63.13 (38.75–86.88) | −7.35 18.62 | 6.15 (−0.079 to 12.37) | 0.053 |
| PROactive total score | 55.00 (37.50–61.00) (n=49) | 57.00 (40.50–63.50) | −0.19 (8.66) | 51.25 (43.50–62.50) (n=40) | 50.50 (43.75–59.50) | −0.40 (11.88) | −0.06 (−4.36 to 4.24) | 0.978 |
| PROactive amount score | 50.00 (33.00–59.00) (n=49) | 50.00 (33.00–63.00) | 0.51 (7.95) | 45.00 (33.00–54.00) (n=40) | 45.00 (39.00–59.00) | 1.27 (16.83) | −0.85 (−6.06 to 4.37) | 0.747 |
| PROactive difficulty score | 56.00 (44.00–68.00) (n=54) | 56.00 (44.00–70.00) | −0.41 (11.30) | 56.00 (46.00–70.00) (n=54) | 55.00 (44.00–70.00) | −2.02 (10.21) | 1.41 (−2.67 to 5.50) | 0.494 |
| Daily step count | 3678.25 (2190.60–5413.80) (n=51) | 3315.80 (2022.00–5646.00) | 248.96 (3274.24) | 3575.60 (2174.00–4568.20 (n=41) | 2844.00 (1284.40–5402.00) | −1060.33 (3810.53) | 1225.77 (−79.16082 to 2530.702) | 0.065 |
Data presented are median (IQR), or mean (SD, n (%) as stated.
ABC, Activities-specific Balance Confidence; CAT, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test; GAD-7, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire; MHC, Mental Health Composite ; PHC, Physical Health Composite; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire (9 question); SF-36, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.